Traumatic brain injury

An injury to the brain caused by an external force such as a blow, jolt, or penetrating object, resulting in temporary or permanent impairments to cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. TBI can affect attention, memory, executive function, language processing, social cognition, emotional regulation, and motor control, with severity ranging from mild (concussion) to severe. People with TBI face significant but often overlooked digital accessibility barriers, as most websites and apps are designed assuming typical cognitive processing speed, attention capacity, and social comprehension.