Executive function

A set of higher-order cognitive processes that enable goal-directed behaviour, including planning, working memory, attention control, task switching, inhibition of inappropriate responses, and flexible thinking. Executive function difficulties are common in TBI, ADHD, autism, dementia, and other conditions, and affect the ability to navigate complex interfaces, manage multi-step tasks, filter distracting content, and make decisions online. Designing for impaired executive function involves simplifying interfaces, reducing choices, providing clear step-by-step workflows, and minimising distractions.