Cognitive Load

The total amount of mental effort required to complete a task, encompassing the processing, storage, and management of information in working memory. Cognitive load theory distinguishes between intrinsic load (inherent task complexity), extraneous load (unnecessary complexity from poor design), and germane load (effort devoted to learning). In accessibility, minimizing extraneous cognitive load is essential — through clear layouts, consistent navigation, plain language, reduced choices, and elimination of unnecessary steps — so that users can direct their cognitive resources toward the actual task rather than fighting the interface or process.