Spatial Orientation

The ability to understand one's position and the arrangement of objects within a physical or digital environment. For blind and low vision users, spatial orientation relies on non-visual cues including tactile landmarks, audio beacons, verbal descriptions, and mental mapping. In accessibility, supporting spatial orientation means providing clear directional references, consistent spatial language, and multiple means of understanding layout — whether in physical spaces (wayfinding), tactile models, or digital interfaces (screen reader navigation order).