Phonological Dyslexia

A subtype of dyslexia characterized by difficulty with sound-based word decoding, including problems with orthographically similar words (e.g., confusing "addition" and "audition"), number and letter recognition, and errors related to word substitutions, additions, or omissions. People with phonological dyslexia struggle with the phoneme-grapheme mapping that underlies sounding out unfamiliar words. This is distinct from surface dyslexia, which primarily affects whole-word recognition of irregular words.