Screen Reader Output

The audio or braille output generated by screen reader software as it interprets and conveys on-screen content to blind and low vision users. Screen reader output quality significantly impacts reading comprehension and efficiency, as the linearization of visual content into sequential audio can obscure document structure, make skimming difficult, and increase cognitive load. Research on improving screen reader output for reading tasks includes adjustable reading speed, navigational aids, concurrent speech channels, and gist summaries to support document triage.