Single Page Application

A web application architecture that dynamically updates page content in response to user interactions without requiring a full page reload, instead using JavaScript to modify the Document Object Model (DOM) and fetch data asynchronously. SPAs present unique accessibility challenges: screen reader users may not be notified when content changes, focus management can break when views update, browser history and back-button behavior may not work as expected, and automated accessibility evaluation tools may miss content that only appears after user interaction. Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue require deliberate attention to ARIA live regions, focus management, and route announcements to remain accessible.