MathML

A W3C standard XML-based markup language for describing mathematical notation and its structure, enabling mathematical content to be rendered visually in web browsers and read aloud by screen readers. MathML is essential for STEM accessibility because it encodes both the visual presentation and the semantic meaning of mathematical expressions, allowing assistive technologies to convey formulas in speech or Braille rather than treating them as inaccessible images. Libraries like MathJax can render LaTeX or MathML into accessible web content with screen reader support. MathML is supported in HTML5 and is a core component of accessible EPUB and web-based educational materials.