Braille

A tactile writing system used by people who are blind or have low vision, consisting of patterns of raised dots arranged in cells of up to six dots in a 3x2 configuration. Each cell represents a letter, number, punctuation mark, or other symbol. Developed by Louis Braille in 1824, it remains the primary literacy medium for people who cannot access print visually. Braille is essential for independent reading, labeling, and navigation, and is used across signage, documents, and digital refreshable displays.