Haptic Technology

Technology that creates tactile experiences through the application of forces, vibrations, or motions to the user, enabling interaction through the sense of touch. Haptic technologies range from simple vibration motors in smartphones to sophisticated force-feedback devices and refreshable braille displays. In accessibility, haptic technology provides alternative sensory channels for conveying information to people who are blind, low-vision, deaf, or deafblind. Applications include tactile graphics, vibrotactile navigation systems, refreshable braille displays, and wearable devices that communicate through patterns of vibration. Key design considerations include the body location of stimulation, intensity and pattern distinguishability, and avoiding interference with other sensory channels the user depends on.