Brain-Computer Interface

A technology that enables direct communication between the brain and an external device by detecting and interpreting neural activity, typically through electroencephalography (EEG) or electromyography (EMG). In accessibility contexts, BCIs allow people with severe motor impairments — such as those caused by muscular dystrophy, stroke, or locked-in syndrome — to interact with computers, control devices, and perform tasks without relying on physical movement. Applications include selecting letters for communication, controlling wheelchairs, browsing the web, and playing video games. While BCIs represent a promising input modality for people who cannot use conventional input methods, current challenges include signal accuracy, calibration requirements, user fatigue, and the complexity of setup and maintenance.