Dyspnea

A subjective experience of breathing discomfort consisting of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity, as defined by the American Thoracic Society. People who experience dyspnea commonly describe sensations of respiratory effort, chest tightness, and air hunger. Dyspnea is a primary symptom of COPD and other chronic respiratory conditions, and it often triggers dyspnea-related distress and anxiety (DDA) when people misinterpret normal exercise-induced breathlessness as a sign of medical danger. This anxiety-avoidance cycle is a major barrier to physical activity for people with respiratory disabilities, as the fear of becoming breathless leads to exercise avoidance, reduced fitness, and worsening symptoms.