Peltier Module

A Peltier module is a thermoelectric device that creates a temperature difference when electrical current is applied, with one side heating up and the other cooling down. In assistive technology, flexible Peltier modules are used to provide thermotactile feedback — controlled heating or cooling sensations on the skin to convey information such as navigation directions. They are compact enough to be embedded in wearable devices, white cane grips, and other assistive hardware, offering an alternative haptic feedback channel that is not affected by environmental vibrations.