Mathematical Accessibility

The practice of making mathematical content — including equations, formulas, graphs, and notation — perceivable, operable, and understandable by people with disabilities. Mathematical content poses unique accessibility challenges because it is inherently spatial and symbolic, relying on visual layout conventions like fractions, superscripts, and matrices to convey meaning. Accessible approaches include MathML markup for screen reader interpretation, natural language descriptions of expressions, tactile representations, and sonification of mathematical relationships. Mathematical accessibility is critical for equitable participation in STEM education and careers.