Programming by Demonstration

A technique for creating automated sequences of actions by recording a user performing the task manually, rather than requiring the user to write code or scripts. The system observes the user's interactions (clicks, keystrokes, form inputs) and generates replayable instructions. In web accessibility, PBD is used to create macros that automate repetitive browsing tasks for screen reader users, reducing the cognitive burden of navigating complex web pages. PBD can be explicit (user manually starts and stops recording) or implicit (recording happens automatically). A key challenge is that recorded macros may break when web pages change, since DOM element addresses used during recording may no longer be valid.