MathML

An XML-based markup language standardized by the W3C for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. MathML enables screen readers and other assistive technologies to interpret and convey mathematical expressions to users with visual disabilities, as its semantic tags (such as mfrac for fractions, msqrt for square roots, and msup for superscripts) define elements as either simple or complex structures. MathML is supported in web browsers and serves as the foundation for accessible mathematical content in web pages, e-books (EPUB3), and educational materials, though screen reader support for reading MathML varies significantly across languages.