Non-Visual Interaction

Methods of interacting with computer systems and digital content without relying on visual display. Non-visual interaction encompasses screen reader output, speech interfaces, keyboard navigation with audio feedback, braille displays, and haptic feedback. The Raman Principle offers a key design insight for non-visual interaction: rather than attempting to render visual interfaces in alternative forms (like describing a chart), designers should identify what information users need to extract and provide direct ways to query for it. This approach can be more effective than screen reader linearisation for complex interactive content like data visualisations, maps, games, and programming environments.