Cognitive Impairment

A broad category encompassing conditions that affect cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, problem-solving, and executive function. Cognitive impairments range from mild (noticeable but not interfering significantly with daily life) to severe, and may be developmental (present from birth), acquired (from injury or illness), or progressive (worsening over time, as in dementia). WCAG addresses cognitive accessibility through success criteria for clear language, consistent navigation, error prevention, and sufficient time. Effective design strategies include reducing cognitive load, providing multiple ways to accomplish tasks, using familiar patterns, minimizing distractions, and supporting personalization to match individual abilities and preferences.