Bio-Electrical Signal

A bio-electrical signal is an electrical potential generated by biological processes in the human body, including muscle contractions (EMG), brain activity (EEG), eye movements (EOG), heart rhythms (ECG), and skin conductance (GSR). In assistive technology, bio-electrical signals are used as alternative input channels for computer control, allowing individuals with severe motor disabilities to operate devices through eye movements, brain activity, or residual muscle function. These signals are typically small (microvolts to millivolts), require amplification and filtering, and may be affected by noise, drift, and artifacts that complicate reliable interpretation.