Speech-Based Navigation

A method of navigating digital content, particularly web pages, using synthesised speech output rather than visual display. In speech-based navigation, users listen to content read aloud sequentially and use keyboard commands to move between elements. This approach is inherently slower than visual browsing because it is serial rather than parallel — users cannot scan or skim content as sighted users do. Improving the efficiency of speech-based navigation through features like structural landmarks, headings navigation, bookmarks, and content change detection is a major focus of web accessibility research.