Confusion Matrix

A table used to characterize the accuracy of an input system by showing the probability that an intended signal will be correctly recognized versus misinterpreted as a different signal. In assistive technology, confusion matrices are used to map the error patterns of alternative input devices — for example, showing how often a user's attempt to produce signal A is incorrectly registered as signal B. This analysis is critical for designing interfaces for users with unreliable input, as it reveals which signals are most reliably distinguished and which are commonly confused, allowing designers to map the most important actions to the most reliable signals and make error-prone actions harder to accidentally trigger.