Graph

A data structure and visual representation consisting of nodes (vertices) connected by edges (links) that represent relationships between entities. In computer science and mathematics, graphs are used to model networks, hierarchies, flowcharts, and many other relational structures. Graphs present a significant accessibility challenge because they encode information through spatial layout and visual connections, making them largely inaccessible to people who are blind or have significant visual impairments. Accessible alternatives include sonification, tactile diagrams, and active auditory exploration systems that translate the spatial and relational properties of graphs into non-visual formats.