Spatial Presence

Spatial presence is the subjective experience of feeling physically located within a virtual or mediated environment — the sensation of "being there" rather than merely observing content on a screen. It is a key measure of immersive technology effectiveness, assessed through validated instruments such as the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES) and Presence Questionnaire (PQ). For accessibility, spatial presence is important because higher presence in virtual environments can make remote participation in training, rehabilitation, or social activities feel more genuine and effective for people who cannot attend in person.