Multi-Party Computation

Multi-party computation (MPC) is a subfield of cryptography that enables multiple parties to jointly compute a function over their private inputs while keeping those inputs secret from each other. No single party learns anything beyond the output. In accessible digital systems, MPC underpins privacy-preserving credential verification, accessible voting systems where no single authority holds complete data, and distributed threshold decryption (where a decryption key is split among multiple parties so that collusion of a majority is required to decrypt). MPC reduces single points of failure and concentrated trust, which strengthens both security and accountability in internet voting and digital identity systems.