Non-Contact Haptics

A class of haptic feedback techniques that render tactile sensations on the user's body without requiring physical contact with a device, surface, or wearable. Common approaches include mid-air ultrasound haptics, air-vortex rings, and laser-induced plasma. Because they avoid worn or held hardware, non-contact haptics are attractive for public installations, hygienic contexts, and accessibility scenarios where manipulating a controller or donning a wearable would be impractical or would interfere with the user's existing assistive devices.