Interpersonal Reactivity Index

A widely used multidimensional self-report measure of empathy developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980. The instrument contains four seven-item subscales: perspective taking (the tendency to adopt another's point of view), empathic concern (feelings of warmth and compassion for others), fantasy (the tendency to transpose oneself into fictional characters), and personal distress (self-oriented feelings of unease in response to others' suffering). In accessibility research, the IRI is commonly used to evaluate whether interventions such as disability simulations, persona-based design activities, or first-person VR experiences shift practitioner or student empathy toward disabled users.