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• Dyslexia Exercises on my Tablet are more Fun

  Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gòrriz · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents Dyseggxia, a free mobile game for iOS and Android designed to help children with dyslexia practice language exercises in an engaging, adaptive format. Dyslexia affects approximately 10% of children worldwide and is characterized by difficulties with accurate…

  dyslexia · serious game · mobile accessibility · adaptive learning · natural language processing

• Towards Web Accessibility Repair

  Nádia Fernandes · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents early-stage research on automatically evaluating and repairing accessibility problems in Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). The author identifies a critical gap: as the web evolves from static pages to complex, dynamic applications,…

  automated testing · accessibility evaluation · accessibility repair · rich internet applications · ARIA

• "Bring your own problems": the path to WCAG 2.0 conformance through industry based training

  Denise Wood, Scott Hollier · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper examines Australia's National Transition Strategy (NTS), which mandated that all federal, state, and territory government websites conform to WCAG 2.0 by staged deadlines — Level A by December 2012 and Level AA by December 2014. The authors contextualise this mandate…

  accessibility training · WCAG compliance · government accessibility · professional development · web accessibility

• Pushing the Raman principle

  Clayton Lewis · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper explores the implications of what the author calls the "Raman Principle," attributed to T.V. Raman: "The way to think about the visual system is as a way to answer queries against a spatial database. If you have an alternate way to ask the queries and get the answers,…

  visual programming · blindness · non-visual interaction · screen readers · programming accessibility

• Using simultaneous audio sources to speed-up blind people's web scanning

  João Guerreiro · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper proposes using multiple simultaneous audio sources to help blind users scan web content faster. The core problem is that screen readers present information sequentially — one item at a time — while sighted users can visually scan an entire page at…

  blindness · screen readers · spatial audio · web navigation · auditory perception

• Adapting data table to improve web accessibility

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses the challenge of making web data tables accessible to screen reader users, particularly when tables are not properly marked up with semantic HTML tags like <th>, <thead>, and <tfoot>. Screen readers present content linearly, so large tables become…

  blindness · screen readers · data tables · content adaptation · web accessibility

• Web accessibility snapshot: an effort to reveal coding guidelines conformance

  Vagner Figueredo de Santana, Rogério Abreu de Paula · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the first iteration of the Web Accessibility Snapshot (WAS) project, a large-scale automated evaluation of web accessibility conformance across two sets of 1,000 websites each: the Alexa top 1,000 most popular sites and a randomly generated sample of 1,000…

  automated testing · WCAG compliance · web accessibility · accessibility metrics · web standards

• Simplify or Help? Text Simplification Strategies for People with Dyslexia

  Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Stefan Bott, Horacio Saggion · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper evaluates two automatic lexical simplification strategies designed to make text more accessible for people with dyslexia. The research addresses a key gap: while previous tools for dyslexic readers focused on text presentation (fonts, spacing, colors), none had…

  dyslexia · text simplification · readability · cognitive accessibility · eye tracking

• A Mobile Interactive Maps Application for a Visually Impaired Audience

  Nikolaos Kaklanis, Konstantinos Votis, Dimitrios Tzovaras · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper presents "Open Touch/Sound Maps," an Android mobile application that makes interactive maps accessible to visually impaired and blind users through multimodal feedback. Web-based spatial information resources like OpenStreetMap are inherently visual, leaving…

  visual impairment · accessible maps · sonification · haptic feedback · mobile accessibility

• DysWebxia 2.0! More Accessible Text for People with Dyslexia

  Luz Rello, Clara Bayarri, Azuki Gòrriz, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Saurabh Gupta, Gaurang Kanvinde, Horacio Saggion, Stefan Bott, Roberto Carlini, Vasile Topac · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper introduces DysWebxia 2.0, a model for making text more accessible to people with dyslexia by modifying both the presentation and content of text. The project is notable for being the first model to combine text presentation changes (font, spacing, layout) with…

  dyslexia · text simplification · readability · assistive technology · text presentation

• Towards the Usage of Pauses in Audio-Described Videos

  Benoît Encelle, Magali Ollagnier Beldame, Yannick Prié · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper explores the use of "artificial pauses" — brief interruptions inserted into video playback — as a technique for delivering audio descriptions that cannot fit within the natural gaps in a video's soundtrack. Classical audio description is constrained by the duration of…

  audio description · video accessibility · blindness · visual impairment · multimedia accessibility

• Size Matters (Spacing Not): 18 Points for a Dyslexic-Friendly Wikipedia

  Luz Rello, Martin Pielot, Mari-Carmen Marcos, Roberto Carlini · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper investigates the effect of font size and line spacing on readability and comprehension for people with dyslexia, tested in the real-world context of Wikipedia articles rather than isolated text samples. The authors conducted an eye-tracking study with 28 participants…

  dyslexia · typography · readability · eye tracking · font size

• Efficient and Effective Information Finding on Small Screen Devices

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a reverse engineering approach for automatically adapting desktop-oriented webpages for efficient information seeking on small-screen mobile devices. The core contribution is a "semantic-DOM tree" model that analyzes the relationships between semantic…

  mobile accessibility · content adaptation · responsive design · web accessibility · information architecture

• Providing Access to the High-Level Content of Line Graphs from Online Popular Media

  Priscilla S. Moraes, Sandra Carberry, Kathleen McCoy · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper extends the Interactive SIGHT (Summarizing Information Graphics Textually) system to generate natural language summaries of line graphs found in online popular media articles, making their high-level content accessible to visually impaired users via screen readers.…

  data visualization · visual impairment · natural language generation · assistive technology · screen readers

• Legion Scribe: Real-Time Captioning by the Non-Experts

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper introduces Legion Scribe, a system that enables real-time captioning of speech by harnessing 3-5 ordinary typists working simultaneously, rather than relying on expensive professional stenographers. Real-time captioning provides text equivalents of spoken…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · real-time captioning · communication accessibility

• User Individuality Management in Websites Based on WAI-ARIA Annotations and Ontologies

  Xabier Valencia, Myriam Arrue, J. Eduardo Pérez, Julio Abascal · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a comprehensive system for automatically adapting websites to individual users' accessibility needs using WAI-ARIA-based annotations and an ontology that models users, adaptation techniques, and their relationships. Unlike previous transcoding systems that…

  WAI-ARIA · personalization · web accessibility · adaptive interfaces · ontology

• Evaluating Accessibility-in-Use

  Markel Vigo, Simon Harper · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces a novel method for evaluating web accessibility that goes beyond traditional guideline conformance testing. The authors argue that standards like WCAG 2.0 capture only about 53% of accessibility problems experienced by users, missing issues such as broken…

  accessibility evaluation · user interaction · behavioural analysis · screen readers · blind and low vision

• Understanding Users in the Wild

  Aitor Apaolaza, Simon Harper, Caroline Jay · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a tool for capturing low-level user interaction data from web applications unobtrusively and longitudinally, enabling the study of "accessibility-in-use" — how real users with real goals experience accessibility in real-world settings. The authors argue that…

  accessibility-in-use · user behaviour analysis · usage mining · in-situ observation · longitudinal study

• Firefixia: An Accessibility Web Browser Customization Toolbar for People with Dyslexia

  Vagner Figueredo de Santana, Rosimeire de Oliveira, Leonelo Dell Anhol Almeida, Marcia Ito · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents Firefixia, a Mozilla Firefox browser extension toolbar designed to help people with dyslexia customise the presentation of web content according to their individual preferences. The authors note that while web accessibility efforts have traditionally focused…

  dyslexia · web accessibility · browser extension · customization · assistive technology

• Citizen Sensing for Collaborative Construction of Accessibility Maps

  Kelly Shigeno, Sergio Borger, Diego Gallo, Ricardo Herrmann, Mateus Molinaro, Carlos Cardonha, Fernando Koch, Priscilla Avegliano · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper presents IBM Sidewalks, a mobile application developed by IBM Research Brazil that enables citizens to collaboratively report physical accessibility issues in urban environments through crowdsourcing. The application is part of IBM's broader Citizen Sensing…

  crowdsourcing · accessibility mapping · mobile application · physical accessibility · urban accessibility

• Essential Components of Mobile Web Accessibility

  Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer, Shawn Lawton Henry · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  Written by three leaders of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, this paper examines how the shift from desktop to mobile and ubiquitous computing affects the interdependent components that together enable web accessibility. The authors outline eight essential components — web…

  mobile accessibility · web standards · WCAG · WAI-ARIA · W3C

• Benchmarking Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools: Measuring the Harm of Sole Reliance on Automated Tests

  Markel Vigo, Justin Brown, Vivienne Conway · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper provides rigorous empirical evidence on the limitations of automated web accessibility evaluation tools by benchmarking six state-of-the-art tools — AChecker, SortSite, Total Validator, TAW, Deque, and AMP — against expert manual evaluations of three Australian…

  automated testing · accessibility evaluation · WCAG compliance · evaluation tools · benchmarking

• Crowdsourcing Platform for Workplace Accessibility

  Hironobu Takagi, Akihiro Kosugi, Shin Saito, Masayoshi Teraguchi · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from IBM Research Tokyo proposes Crowd Card, an intra-organizational crowdsourcing platform designed to improve workplace accessibility while maintaining confidentiality of business materials. The core problem is that modern workplaces are filled with inaccessible…

  crowdsourcing · workplace accessibility · image description · video captioning · document accessibility

• Experiential Transcoding: An EyeTracking Approach

  Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper, Sukru Eraslan · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces "experiential transcoding" — a user-centred approach to web page transformation that uses eye-tracking data from sighted users to understand how people actually experience web pages, then uses those patterns to guide transcoding for blind and situationally…

  eye tracking · user experience · transcoding · visual impairment · situational impairment

• Smarter Board: A Community-Oriented Communication Tool

  Mateus Molinaro, Sergio Borger, Carlos Cardonha, Diego Gallo, Ricardo Herrmann, Ademir Ferreira, Fernando Koch, Priscilla Avegliano, Kelly Shigeno · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper from IBM Research Brazil presents the Smarter Board, a lightweight community-focused social network platform designed specifically for groups of people with disabilities. The system deliberately uses SMS text messages as its primary input mechanism rather than…

  social accessibility · community · digital inclusion · communication accessibility · SMS