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• SmartColor: Disambiguation Framework for the Colorblind

  Ken Wakita, Kenta Shimamura · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper presents SmartColor, a framework that automatically repaints coloured documents so that people with colour vision deficiencies can perceive the same colour effects — such as contrast, shared colour grouping, and distinguishability — that the original author intended…

  color blindness · color accessibility · color contrast · data visualization · constraint systems

• Programmer-Focused Website Accessibility Evaluations

  Chris Law, Julie Jacko, Paula Edwards · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper argues that accessibility evaluation and reporting processes have historically focused on the needs of end-users with disabilities while overlooking the actual audience for evaluation reports: the programmers who must implement the fixes. The authors observe that the…

  accessibility evaluation · web accessibility · accessibility reporting · developer tools · organizational accessibility

• User Modeling for Individuals with Disabilities: A Pilot Study of Word Prediction

  Abhishek Agarwal, Richard Simpson · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This short paper describes the development of user models that predict how word prediction (WP) systems affect text entry performance for individuals with disabilities. The research addresses a practical clinical problem: clinicians who assess assistive technology for clients…

  word prediction · user modeling · assistive technology · text entry · eye tracking

• Emerging Issues, Solutions & Challenges from the Top 20 Issues Affecting Web Application Accessibility

  David Hoffman, Lisa Battle · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This poster paper presents the results of a second in-depth analysis of hundreds of accessibility issues documented across real web application projects at the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), compared with findings from a prior study of over 1,000 accessibility issues…

  web accessibility · accessibility evaluation · accessibility barriers · design patterns · web applications

• MathPlayer: Web-Based Math Accessibility

  Neil Soiffer · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This poster paper presents MathPlayer, a free plug-in for Microsoft Internet Explorer developed by Design Science Inc. that renders MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) visually in web pages and makes mathematical expressions accessible to people with print-related disabilities…

  mathematical accessibility · MathML · screen readers · print disability · learning disabilities

• How to Operate a PC Without Using the Hands

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This demo paper presents HaMCoS (Hands-free Mouse Control System), a biosignal interface developed at Darmstadt University of Technology that enables people with severe physical disabilities to operate a Windows PC using intentional contractions of a single muscle of choice —…

  biosignal interface · EMG · hands-free operation · mouse emulation · motor disability

• Research-Derived Web Design Guidelines for Older People

  Sri Kurniawan, Panayiotis Zaphiris · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper develops and validates a set of research-derived, ageing-centred web design guidelines through a rigorous multi-stage process. The authors began with an extensive literature review of HCI and ageing research, producing an initial set of 52 guidelines backed by…

  older adults · web design guidelines · aging · usability · accessibility evaluation

• A Wearable Face Recognition System for Individuals with Visual Impairments

  Sreekar Krishna, Greg Little, John Black, Sethuraman Panchanathan · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper presents the iCare Interaction Assistant, a wearable face recognition system developed at Arizona State University's Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing (CUbiC) to help people who are visually impaired identify individuals during social interactions. The system…

  face recognition · wearable computing · blindness · computer vision · social interaction

• Representing Coordination and Non-Coordination in an American Sign Language Animation

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper introduces the Partition/Constitute (P/C) Formalism, a new computational representation for encoding the multichannel structure of American Sign Language (ASL) performances to support English-to-ASL machine translation and animation. ASL is a full natural language…

  American Sign Language · sign language animation · machine translation · natural language processing · deaf accessibility

• Universal Designs versus Assistive Technologies: Research Agendas and Practical Applications

  Chris Law, Julie Jacko, Bill Peterson, Jim Tobias · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This panel paper frames the tensions between Universal Design (UD) and Assistive Technology (AT) approaches to making Information and Computing Technologies (ICT) accessible. The panel brought together perspectives from academia (Julie Jacko, Chris Law), government (Bill…

  universal design · assistive technology · accessibility policy · inclusive design · ICT accessibility

• Proposing New Metrics to Evaluate Web Usability for the Blind

  Kentarou Fukuda, Shin Saito, Hironobu Takagi, Chieko Asakawa · 2005 · CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This four-page CHI '05 extended abstract argues that existing automated accessibility checkers — in 2005 typified by Bobby — had plateaued: they verified the presence of ALT attributes, labels, and markup conformance, yet real blind users still found many 'compliant' web pages…

  web accessibility · accessibility evaluation · accessibility metrics · screen readers · voice browser

• American Sign Language Generation: Multimodal NLG with Multiple Linguistic Channels

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · Proceedings of the ACL Student Research Workshop (ACLstudent '05)

  This short student-research-workshop paper presents the design rationale for Huenerfauth's English-to-ASL machine translation system, framing American Sign Language generation as a form of multimodal natural language generation (NLG) with multiple parallel linguistic channels.…

  American Sign Language · natural language generation · sign language machine translation · multimodal NLG · classifier predicates

• American Sign Language natural language generation and machine translation

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  Matt Huenerfauth's 2005 paper describes a research programme to build an English-to-American Sign Language (ASL) machine translation (MT) system that generates animations of a 3D virtual-reality signing character. The author frames the project against a stark literacy gap: most…

  ASL · American Sign Language · deaf accessibility · sign language · sign language animation