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• An Intelligent Decision Support System for Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment

  Min Hun Lee · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This student research abstract presents an interactive multimodal machine learning approach for automatically assessing upper-limb stroke rehabilitation exercises and supporting therapist decision-making. Physical rehabilitation is critical for people recovering from stroke to…

  stroke rehabilitation · machine learning · human-AI interaction · decision support · motor disability

• Development of a Real-time Bionic Voice Generation System based on Statistical Excitation Prediction

  Farzaneh Ahmadi, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Tomoki Toda · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This demonstration paper presents the first real-time implementation of the Pneumatic Bionic Voice (PBV) system, a voice prosthesis for people who have undergone laryngectomy — surgical removal of the larynx, typically due to advanced throat cancer. Without a larynx, a person…

  voice prosthesis · laryngectomy · speech accessibility · voice conversion · assistive technology

• Demo: Expanding Blocks4All with Variables and Functions

  Jacqueline Shao Yi Ong, Nana Adwoa O. Amoah, Alison E. Garrett-Engele, Mariella Irene Page, Katherine R. McCarthy, Lauren R. Milne · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This demonstration paper describes extensions to Blocks4All, an accessible blocks-based programming environment (BBPE) for iPad designed to enable children with visual impairments to learn programming through touchscreen interaction with screen reader support. Traditional BBPEs…

  programming education · blind · low vision · visual impairment · screen readers

• DarkReader: Bridging the Gap Between Perception and Reality of Power Consumption in Smartphones for Blind Users

  Jian Xu, Syed Masum Billah, Roy Shilkrot, Aruna Balasubramanian · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents DarkReader, a modified Android screen reader that truly turns off the smartphone screen while preserving full touchscreen interaction for blind users, saving 24-52% of power compared to the default TalkBack screen reader. The work addresses two problems blind…

  blind · screen readers · TalkBack · VoiceOver · Android

• Am I Too Old to Drive? Opinions of Older Adults on Self-Driving Vehicles

  Earl W. Huff, Natalie DellaMaria, Brianna Posadas, Julian Brinkley · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper explores the opinions, preferences, and concerns of 39 older African American adults (aged 57-91, mean 74) regarding fully autonomous (Level 5) self-driving vehicles through seven focus group sessions conducted over five days in South Carolina. The study addresses a…

  autonomous vehicles · older adults · aging · accessible transportation · mobility

• Making Memes Accessible

  Cole Gleason, Amy Pavel, Xingyu Liu, Patrick Carrington, Lydia B. Chilton, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents two semi-automatic methods for making internet image macro memes accessible to people with vision impairments: rich alternative text descriptions and audio macro memes. Memes are a pervasive form of online communication, yet they are almost entirely…

  alternative text · blind · low vision · social media · image accessibility

• Effect of Automatic Sign Recognition Performance on the Usability of Video-Based Search Interfaces for Sign Language Dictionaries

  Oliver Alonzo, Abraham Glasser, Matt Huenerfauth · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper investigates how the performance of automatic sign recognition technology affects user satisfaction when searching for unfamiliar words in an ASL-to-English dictionary. Looking up an unknown sign in ASL is fundamentally harder than looking up an unknown written word:…

  sign language · ASL · sign language recognition · dictionary · Deaf and hard of hearing

• Understanding Mental Ill-health as Psychosocial Disability: Implications for Assistive Technology

  Kathryn E. Ringland, Jennifer Nicholas, Rachel Kornfield, Emily G. Lattie, David C. Mohr, Madhu Reddy · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper argues that mental ill-health — including depression, anxiety, and other mental, emotional, or cognitive experiences — should be understood as psychosocial disability and examined through a social model lens rather than exclusively through the medical model that…

  psychosocial disability · mental health · depression · anxiety · social model of disability

• VERSE: Bridging Screen Readers and Voice Assistants for Enhanced Eyes-Free Web Search

  Alexandra Vtyurina, Adam Fourney, Meredith Ringel Morris, Leah Findlater, Ryen W. White · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper identifies the complementary strengths and weaknesses of screen readers and voice assistants (VAs) for blind web searchers, then presents VERSE (Voice Exploration, Retrieval, and SEarch), a prototype that merges the best of both technologies. An online survey of 53…

  screen readers · voice assistant · blind · web search · information retrieval

• Exploration of Automatic Speech Recognition for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in Higher Education Classes

  Janine Butler, Brian Trager, Byron Behm · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents a qualitative study of how deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (Rochester Institute of Technology) experienced automatic speech recognition (ASR) as a supplemental access service in mainstream higher…

  speech recognition · Deaf and hard of hearing · captioning · higher education · real-time captions

• CaBot: Designing and Evaluating an Autonomous Navigation Robot for Blind People

  João Guerreiro, Daisuke Sato, Saki Asakawa, Huixu Dong, Kris M. Kitani, Chieko Asakawa · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents CaBot (Carry-on roBot), an autonomous suitcase-shaped navigation robot designed to guide blind people to destinations in unfamiliar indoor environments while avoiding obstacles. Unlike smartphone navigation apps that provide turn-by-turn instructions but…

  navigation robot · blind · orientation and mobility · haptic feedback · LiDAR

• A Study on Customizing Interaction in Adaptable Games

  Caio Pinheiro de Carvalho, Suzane Santos dos Santos, Gabriel de Magalhães Escudeiro, Kelly Vale Pinheiro, Nelson Cruz Sampaio Neto, Marcelle Pereira Mota · 2019 · Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC)

  This paper from the Federal University of Pará (Brazil) investigates customization features for adaptable games designed as assistive technology tools for children with disabilities, where healthcare professionals configure the games to match each child's therapeutic needs. The…

  game accessibility · assistive technology · cognitive accessibility · intellectual disability · personalization

• How to Develop Accessible Web Interfaces for Deaf People?

  Gênesis Medeiros do Carmo, Débora Maria Barroso Paiva, Maria Istela Cagnin · 2019 · Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC)

  This paper presents a systematic mapping study examining how web interfaces are being designed and implemented for deaf and hard of hearing users. The authors searched six databases and 17 conferences from 2005-2018, screening 469 publications to select 29 primary studies. The…

  deaf accessibility · hard of hearing · web accessibility · systematic mapping · sign language

• A Proposal to Adapt the Semiotic Inspection Method to Analyze Screen Reader Mediated Interaction

  Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Raquel Oliveira Prates, André Pimenta Freire · 2019 · Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC 2019)

  This paper proposes SIM-SR (Semiotic Inspection Method for Screen Reader mediated interaction), an adaptation of the Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM) from Semiotic Engineering theory to evaluate how screen readers mediate the communication between designers and visually impaired…

  semiotic engineering · screen readers · communicability · blind users · low vision

• Effects of Aging on Small Target Selection with Touch Input

  Afroza Sultana, Karyn Moffatt · 2019 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This study provides a detailed analysis of age-related touch selection errors on small touchscreen devices, extending prior work on mouse and pen interaction to finger touch input. Twenty older adults (ages 67-81, M=73.3) and sixteen younger adults (ages 22-35, M=28.9) completed…

  older adults · aging · touchscreen · mobile accessibility · target selection

• Design of a Physiology-based Adaptive Virtual Reality Driving Platform for Individuals with ASD

  Dayi Bian, Joshua W. Wade, Lian Zhang, Amy Swanson, Medda Sarkar, Zachary Warren, Nilanjan Sarkar · 2019 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents VDEAR (VR-based Driving Environment with Adaptive Response), a novel closed-loop virtual reality driving simulator designed specifically for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The system addresses a critical gap in driving intervention for teens…

  autism spectrum disorder · virtual reality · driving simulation · physiological computing · dynamic difficulty adjustment

• The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps

  Shunguo Yan, P. G. Ramachandran · 2019 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This large-scale empirical study evaluated the accessibility of 479 Android apps from Google Play across 23 business categories using IBM Mobile Accessibility Checker (MAC), an automated tool that maps accessibility rules to GUI widget categories. The study examined over 610,000…

  mobile accessibility · Android · automated testing · accessibility evaluation · GUI accessibility

• ScratchThat: Supporting Command-Agnostic Speech Repair in Voice-Driven Assistants

  Jason Wu, Karan Ahuja, Richard Li, Victor Chen, Jeffrey Bigham · 2019 · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

  This paper presents ScratchThat, a command-agnostic speech repair system for voice-driven virtual assistants that allows users to naturally correct voice commands without repeating entire queries. Current voice assistants like Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri lack natural…

  voice interface · speech recognition · conversational agents · error correction · natural language processing

• StateLens: A Reverse Engineering Solution for Making Existing Dynamic Touchscreens Accessible

  Anhong Guo, Junhan Kong, Michael Rivera, Frank F. Xu, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2019 · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

  This paper presents StateLens, a three-part system that makes existing dynamic touchscreen interfaces accessible to blind users without requiring any modification to the touchscreen hardware or software. Blind people routinely encounter inaccessible touchscreens on coffee…

  touchscreen accessibility · blindness · computer vision · crowdsourcing · reverse engineering

• Hacking Blind Navigation

  João Guerreiro, Hernisa Kacorri, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Edward Cutrell, Daisuke Sato, Dragan Ahmetovic, Chieko Asakawa · 2019 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

  This workshop summary describes a one-day CHI 2019 workshop designed to bring together researchers from multiple disciplines working on assistive navigation technologies for blind people. The organizers — experts from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Maryland, Microsoft…

  blind navigation · orientation and mobility · assistive technology · visual impairment · computer vision

• "It's almost like they're trying to hide it": How User-Provided Image Descriptions Have Failed to Make Twitter Accessible

  Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Cameron Cassidy, Meredith Ringel Morris, Kris M. Kitani, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2019 · The World Wide Web Conference

  This paper presents the first large-scale empirical study of how Twitter's opt-in image description feature (launched in 2016) has affected the accessibility of images on the platform. The researchers analyzed 1.09 million tweets with images collected over five days in June…

  alternative text · social media accessibility · image accessibility · blindness · screen readers

• App Usage Predicts Cognitive Ability in Older Adults

  Mitchell L. Gordon, Leon Gatys, Carlos Guestrin, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Andrew Trister, Kayur Patel · 2019 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This paper investigates how older adults use smartphones differently from younger adults and whether those differences can be explained by cognitive function. The researchers collected three months of iPhone usage data from 84 healthy older adults (aged 61-76), logging 494,641…

  older adults · cognitive decline · smartphone usage · mobile accessibility · digital biomarkers

• Airport Accessibility and Navigation Assistance for People with Visual Impairments

  João Guerreiro, Dragan Ahmetovic, Daisuke Sato, Kris Kitani, Chieko Asakawa · 2019 · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This paper investigates whether a BLE-beacon-based smartphone navigation system can enable visually impaired travelers to move through an airport independently — a setting where they are currently required to rely on airline-provided sighted escorts to reach the gate, and where…

  airport accessibility · blind navigation · indoor navigation · orientation and mobility · visual impairment

• BBeep: A Sonic Collision Avoidance System for Blind Travellers and Nearby Pedestrians

  Seita Kayukawa, Keita Higuchi, João Guerreiro, Shigeo Morishima, Yoichi Sato, Kris Kitani, Chieko Asakawa · 2019 · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19)

  This paper presents BBeep, an assistive suitcase-shaped system designed to help blind travellers navigate crowded public spaces such as international airports, train stations, and shopping malls. The authors argue that existing blind-navigation research has focused largely on…

  blind navigation · obstacle avoidance · collision avoidance · assistive technology · wearable technology

• Preferred Appearance of Captions Generated by Automatic Speech Recognition for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Viewers

  Larwan Berke, Khaled Albusays, Matthew Seita, Matt Huenerfauth · 2019 · Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '19)

  This CHI 2019 Late-Breaking Work (6 pages) investigates a practical question that has received surprisingly little research: when Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is used to caption small-group meetings for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) viewers, how should those captions…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · automatic speech recognition · user interface design · typography