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• From Automation to User Empowerment: Investigating the Role of a Semi-automatic Tool in Social Media Accessibility

  Leticia Seixas Pereira, Jose Coelho, Andre Rodrigues, Joao Guerreiro, Tiago Guerreiro, Carlos Duarte · 2024 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents SONAAR (Social Networks Accessible Authoring), a semi-automatic tool designed to improve social media accessibility by combining AI-powered image recognition with user-generated descriptions. The research addresses a persistent problem in digital…

  social media accessibility · alternative text · image descriptions · crowdsourcing · assistive technology

• Case Study: In-the-Field Accessibility Information Collection Using Gamification

  Akihiro Miyata, Kazuki Okugawa, Yusaku Murayama, Akihiro Furuta, Keihiro Ochiai, Yuko Murayama · 2023 · Proceedings of the 20th International Web for All Conference (W4A '23)

  This study introduces and evaluates a crowdsourcing platform designed to collect real-world accessibility information for constructing accessibility maps that support people with mobility disabilities. Accessibility maps are critical for safe navigation by wheelchair users and…

  crowdsourcing · gamification · accessible maps · physical accessibility · pedestrian infrastructure

• Exploring Community-Driven Descriptions for Making Livestreams Accessible

  Daniel Killough, Amy Pavel · 2023 · ASSETS '23: Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates the feasibility of using livestream community members — sighted viewers who are domain experts in the content being streamed — to provide real-time descriptions that make livestreams accessible to viewers with visual impairments. Livestreams present…

  audio description · livestreaming · blind and low vision · crowdsourcing · video accessibility

• The Future of Urban Accessibility for People with Disabilities: Data Collection, Analytics, Policy, and Tools

  Jon E. Froehlich, Yochai Eisenberg, Maryam Hosseini, Fabio Miranda, Marc Adams, Anat Caspi, Holger Dieterich, Heather Feldner, Aldo Gonzalez, Claudina de Gyves, Joy Hammel, Reuben Kirkham, Melanie Kneisel, Delphine Labbé, Steve J. Mooney, Victor Pineda, Cláudia Fonseca Pinhão, Ana Rodríguez, Manaswi Saha, Michael Saugstad, Judy Shanley, Ather Sharif, Qing Shen, Cláudio Silva, Maarten Sukel, Eric K. Tokuda, Sebastian Felix Zappe, Anna Zivarts · 2022 · Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 22)

  This workshop paper frames urban accessibility as a "wicked problem" spanning transportation, urban planning, disability studies, public health, and human geography, and assembles a remarkably diverse team of 28 co-organizers from six countries across academia, government, NGOs,…

  urban accessibility · built environment · pedestrian infrastructure · sidewalk accessibility · data collection

• ASL Wiki: An Exploratory Interface for Crowdsourcing ASL Translations

  Abraham Glasser, Fyodor Minakov, Danielle Bragg · 2022 · Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '22)

  This paper presents ASL Wiki, a novel bilingual web interface that enables the Deaf and Hard-of-hearing (DHH) community to crowdsource English-to-American Sign Language (ASL) translations of text articles. The system addresses two interconnected problems: the severe lack of…

  sign language · ASL · Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing · crowdsourcing · bilingual interface

• "Every Website Is a Puzzle!": Facilitating Access to Common Website Features for People with Visual Impairments

  Natã M. Barbosa, Jordan Hayes, Smirity Kaushik, Yang Wang · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper addresses a fundamental challenge for screen reader users: while sighted users can rely on visual conventions to find common website features (log in at top right, contact at bottom), these shortcuts are inaccessible to users with visual impairments who must linearly…

  visual impairment · screen readers · web accessibility · machine learning · crowdsourcing

• The Efficacy of Collaborative Authoring of Video Scene Descriptions

  Rosiana Natalie, Jolene Loh, Huei Suen Tan, Joshua Tseng, Ian Luke Yi-Ren Chan, Ebrima H Jarjue, Hernisa Kacorri, Kotaro Hara · 2021 · ASSETS '21: The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  The vast majority of online video content remains inaccessible to people with visual impairments because it lacks audio descriptions — verbal commentaries that depict visual information in scenes. Professional audio description services cost US$12 to US$75 per video minute and…

  audio description · video accessibility · visual impairment · crowdsourcing · collaborative authoring

• Twitter A11y: A Browser Extension to Make Twitter Images Accessible

  Cole Gleason, Amy Pavel, Emma McCamey, Christina Low, Patrick Carrington, Kris M. Kitani, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2020 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This paper presents Twitter A11y, a browser extension designed to address the widespread lack of alternative text on images posted to Twitter. The authors note that while around 12% of Twitter content consists of images, only 0.1% of those images include user-provided alt text,…

  social media accessibility · alternative text · screen readers · image accessibility · optical character recognition

• Pedestrian Detection with Wearable Cameras for the Blind: A Two-way Perspective

  Kyungjun Lee, Daisuke Sato, Saki Asakawa, Hernisa Kacorri, Chieko Asakawa · 2020 · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  Wearable cameras — embedded in commercial products like OrCam, Aira, and eSight — promise blind users equitable access to visual information about the people around them: who is approaching, where they are looking, whether eye contact is possible. But the always-on nature of…

  wearable camera · pedestrian detection · social acceptance · face recognition · privacy

• AfricaSign -- A Crowd-sourcing Platform for the Documentation of STEM Vocabulary in African Sign Languages

  Abdelhadi Soudi, Kristof Van Laerhoven, Elmostafa Bou-Souf · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This demonstration paper presents AfricaSign, a web-based crowdsourcing platform designed to enable African Deaf communities to document their endangered sign languages, with a focus on early-grade and STEM vocabulary. Most African sign languages are severely under-studied and…

  sign language · Africa · endangered languages · crowdsourcing · signing avatar

• Deep Learning for Automatically Detecting Sidewalk Accessibility Problems Using Streetscape Imagery

  Galen Weld, Esther Jang, Anthony Li, Aileen Zeng, Kurtis Heimerl, Jon E. Froehlich · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents the first application of deep learning to automatically assess sidewalk accessibility from Google Street View (GSV) panoramas, addressing four types of accessibility problems: curb ramps, missing curb ramps, sidewalk obstructions, and surface problems.…

  computer vision · deep learning · sidewalk accessibility · curb ramps · crowdsourcing

• Automatic Generation and Evaluation of Usable and Secure Audio reCAPTCHA

  Mohit Jain, Rohun Tripathi, Ishita Bhansali, Pratyush Kumar · 2019 · Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2019)

  This paper presents reCAPGen, a system that automatically generates usable and secure audio CAPTCHAs by leveraging the gap between human and machine speech recognition abilities. Visual CAPTCHAs — the dominant form of online human verification — are inherently inaccessible to…

  CAPTCHA · audio accessibility · blind · visual impairment · web accessibility

• StateLens: A Reverse Engineering Solution for Making Existing Dynamic Touchscreens Accessible

  Anhong Guo, Junhan Kong, Michael Rivera, Frank F. Xu, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2019 · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

  This paper presents StateLens, a three-part system that makes existing dynamic touchscreen interfaces accessible to blind users without requiring any modification to the touchscreen hardware or software. Blind people routinely encounter inaccessible touchscreens on coffee…

  touchscreen accessibility · blindness · computer vision · crowdsourcing · reverse engineering

• Collaborative Accessibility Assessments by Senior Citizens Using Smartphone Application ReAcTS (Real-world Accessibility Transaction System)

  Takahiro Miura, Ken-ichiro Yabu, Ryogo Ogino, Atsushi Hiyama, Michitaka Hirose, Tohru Ifukube · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This paper presents ReAcTS (Real-world Accessibility Transaction System), a smartphone application designed to enable senior citizen volunteers to collaboratively assess and share real-world physical accessibility conditions in their local communities. While accessibility…

  crowdsourcing · older adults · urban accessibility · accessibility mapping · volunteering

• Web Accessibility Evaluation in a Crowdsourcing-Based System with Expertise-Based Decision Strategy

  Shuyi Song, Jiajun Bu, Ye Wang, Zhi Yu, Andreas Artmeier, Lianjun Dai, Can Wang · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper presents a crowdsourcing-based web accessibility evaluation system that addresses the scalability bottleneck in manual accessibility evaluation: expert evaluators are scarce (training takes years) and expensive, yet many WCAG checkpoints cannot be evaluated…

  web accessibility · crowdsourcing · accessibility evaluation · WCAG · automated testing

• Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric

  Shuyi Song, Jiajun Bu, Chengchao Shen, Andreas Artmeier, Zhi Yu, Qin Zhou · 2018 · Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper introduces RA-WAEM (Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric), a novel approach to measuring website accessibility that incorporates actual user experience from people with disabilities while accounting for the varying reliability of different evaluators.…

  accessibility metrics · user experience · accessibility evaluation · machine learning · web accessibility

• Volunteer-Based Online Studies With Older Adults and People with Disabilities

  Qisheng Li, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Katharina Reinecke · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '18)

  This paper validates volunteer-based online experiments as a methodology for conducting large-scale accessibility research with people with disabilities and older adults — populations that are notoriously difficult to recruit for laboratory studies. The researchers replicated…

  research methodology · online experimentation · accessibility research · aging · participant recruitment

• Interactively Modeling and Visualizing Neighborhood Accessibility at Scale: An Initial Study of Washington DC

  Anthony Li, Manaswi Saha, Anupam Gupta, Jon E. Froehlich · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2018)

  This poster paper from the University of Maryland and University of Washington presents two prototype tools — AccessScore and AccessVisDC — for modeling and visualizing neighborhood-level physical accessibility for people with mobility impairments. The work addresses a critical…

  urban accessibility · wheelchair accessibility · walkability · data visualization · crowdsourcing

• Towards More Robust Speech Interactions for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users

  Raymond Fok, Harmanpreet Kaur, Skanda Palani, Martez E. Mott, Walter S. Lasecki · 2018 · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2018)

  This University of Michigan study addresses a largely overlooked accessibility gap: while much research has focused on providing deaf users access to spoken output (via captioning or sign language), almost no work has addressed improving deaf users' ability to provide speech…

  deaf and hard of hearing · automatic speech recognition · deaf speech · crowdsourcing · speech intelligibility

• A Collaborative System for Suitable Wheelchair Route Planning

  Guilherme L. Barczyszyn, Letícia M. De O. Camenar, Diego De F. Do Nascimento, Nádia P. Kozievitch, Ricardo D. Da Silva, Leonelo D. A. Almeida, Juliana De Santi, Rodrigo Minetto · 2018 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents a collaborative system for wheelchair route planning that fundamentally reimagines how navigation services work for people with mobility impairments. Unlike standard route planners like Google Maps that provide street-based directions, this system uses a…

  mobility accessibility · wheelchair users · route planning · crowdsourcing · geographic information systems

• Crowd-AI Camera Sensing in the Real World

  Anhong Guo, Anuraag Jain, Shomiron Ghose, Gierad Laput, Chris Harrison, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2018 · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

  This paper presents Zensors++, a hybrid crowd-AI camera sensing system that allows users to point a networked camera at a scene, define a natural language question about it (such as "Is the coffee machine in use?" or "How many people are in the room?"), and receive continuous,…

  crowdsourcing · computer vision · human computation · machine learning · smart environments

• Crowdsourcing the Installation and Maintenance of Indoor Localization Infrastructure to Support Blind Navigation

  Cole Gleason, Dragan Ahmetovic, Saiph Savage, Carlos Toxtli, Carl Posthuma, Chieko Asakawa, Kris M. Kitani, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2018 · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT)

  This paper introduces LuzDeploy, a physical crowdsourcing system that coordinates non-expert volunteers to install and maintain Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon infrastructure for indoor navigation systems used by blind people. The central problem is that indoor navigation…

  indoor navigation · crowdsourcing · Bluetooth beacons · blind users · wayfinding

• Mind Your Crossings: Mining GIS Imagery for Crosswalk Localization

  Dragan Ahmetovic, Roberto Manduchi, James M. Coughlan, Sergio Mascetti · 2017 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This paper presents a computer vision system for automatically detecting and localizing zebra crosswalks in urban environments by mining existing geospatial image databases, specifically Google satellite imagery and Google Street View. The motivation is that blind pedestrians…

  visual impairment · orientation and mobility · computer vision · navigation · crowdsourcing

• Making Real-World Interfaces Accessible Through Crowdsourcing, Computer Vision, and Fabrication

  Anhong Guo, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2017 · Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This demonstration paper presents two complementary systems designed to make inaccessible physical interfaces usable by blind people: VizLens and Facade. The research addresses a fundamental and long-standing accessibility problem — the vast majority of physical interfaces in…

  physical accessibility · computer vision · crowdsourcing · 3D printing · assistive technology

• A Task Assignment Strategy for Crowdsourcing-Based Web Accessibility Evaluation System

  Liangcheng Li, Can Wang, Shuyi Song, Zhi Yu, Fenqin Zhou, Jiajun Bu · 2017 · Proceedings of the 14th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a practical challenge in scaling web accessibility evaluation: how to effectively assign manual evaluation tasks to volunteer crowdsource workers with varying levels of expertise. While automated tools can check many accessibility checkpoints, they cannot…

  web accessibility evaluation · crowdsourcing · machine learning · automated testing · conformance testing