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• Interdependent Variables: Remotely Designing Tactile Graphics for an Accessible Workflow

  Lilian de Greef, Dominik Moritz, Cynthia Bennett · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This experience report documents how a team of blind and sighted colleagues at Apple created an accessible collaborative workflow for a data visualization research project. Rather than focusing on making end products accessible, the paper addresses the less-explored challenge of…

  tactile graphics · blind and low vision · data visualization · collaboration · accessible workflow

• Aided Nonverbal Communication through Physical Expressive Objects

  Stephanie Valencia, Mark Steidl, Michael Rivera, Cynthia Bennett, Jeffrey Bigham, Henny Admoni · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper presents an in-depth case study of co-designing a physical expressive "sidekick" device to support nonverbal communication for an augmented communicator (AC) named Mark, who has cerebral palsy and uses a head-switch-operated AAC device. While AAC systems enable speech…

  augmentative and alternative communication · nonverbal communication · co-design · participatory design · cerebral palsy

• Opportunities for Supporting Self-efficacy Through Orientation & Mobility Training Technologies for Blind and Partially Sighted People

  Maryam Bandukda, Catherine Holloway, Aneesha Singh, Giulia Barbareschi, Nadia Berthouze · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper examines how orientation and mobility (O&M) training shapes the self-efficacy beliefs of blind and partially sighted (BPS) people and identifies opportunities for technology to better support O&M training. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 20…

  orientation and mobility · blind and low vision · self-efficacy · assistive technology · navigation

• "It is fascinating to make these beasts fly": Understanding Visually Impaired People's Motivations and Needs for Drone Piloting

  Vinitha Gadiraju, Sanika Moharana, Aisha Azhar, Kimberley Gans, Shane T. Mueller, Jenna L. Gorlewicz · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper investigates the motivations, interests, and accessibility needs of blind and visually impaired (BVI) people regarding drone piloting. While drones have been explored as assistive tools for BVI users — helping with navigation, obstacle detection, and environment…

  visual impairment · blindness · drones · assistive technology · accessible interaction

• What difference does tech make? Conceptualizations of Disability and Assistive Technology among Kenyan Youth

  Giulia Barbareschi, Norah Shitawa Kopi, Ben Oldfrey, Catherine Holloway · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper examines how young Kenyans without disabilities conceptualize both disability and assistive technology (AT), addressing a significant gap in accessibility research that has predominantly focused on Global North perspectives. While over 80% of people with disabilities…

  disability stigma · assistive technology · Global South · Kenya · youth attitudes

• "That's in the eye of the beholder": Layers of Interpretation in Image Descriptions for Fictional Representations of People with Disabilities

  Emory James Edwards, Kyle Lewis Polster, Isabel Tuason, Emily Blank, Michael Gilbert, Stacy Branham · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper investigates how to create accurate and sensitive image descriptions for fictional representations of people with disabilities — a challenge that arises when real subjects cannot be consulted about their preferred identity terminology. The study emerged from Google's…

  image accessibility · alt text · image descriptions · disability representation · design systems

• Enabling meaningful use of AI-infused educational technologies for children with blindness: Learnings from the development and piloting of the PeopleLens curriculum

  Cecily Morrison, Edward Cutrell, Martin Grayson, Elisabeth RB Becker, Vasiliki Kladouchou, Linda Pring, Katherine Jones, Rita Faia Marques, Camilla Longden, Abigail Sellen · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper presents the development and pilot evaluation of a curriculum designed to support the meaningful use of PeopleLens, an AI-powered augmented reality system that helps children born blind develop social attention skills. PeopleLens uses a head-mounted device (modified…

  blindness · children · AI accessibility · augmented reality · spatial audio

• A Case for Making Web Accessibility Guidelines Accessible: Older Adult Content Creators and Web Accessibility Planning

  Aqueasha Martin-Hammond, Ulka Patil, Barsa Tandukar · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This short paper presents an experience report on partnering with older adult content creators at an independent living community to support web accessibility planning for their internal resident website. The website served as a civic participation tool where resident committees…

  web accessibility · older adults · content creators · WCAG · participatory research

• Regulating Personal Cameras for Disabled People and People with Deafblindness: Implications for HCI and Accessible Computing

  Sarah L. Woodin, Arthur Theil · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This experience paper examines the intersection of social policy, privacy regulation, and assistive technology design, focusing on the case of personal cameras for people with deafblindness. Drawing from the EU-funded SUITCEYES project (2018-2021), the authors — a disability…

  deafblindness · wearable cameras · face recognition · privacy · data protection

• Slidecho: Flexible Non-Visual Exploration of Presentation Videos

  Yi-Hao Peng, Jeffrey P Bigham, Amy Pavel · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper presents Slidecho, a system that makes recorded presentation videos accessible to blind and visually impaired learners by automatically extracting slide content and synchronizing it with the presenter's speech. The core problem is that most presentation videos —…

  video accessibility · blind and low vision · audio description · presentations · screen reader

• WLA4ND: a Wearable Dataset of Learning Activities for Young Adults with Neurodiversity to Provide Support in Education

  Hui Zheng, Pattiya Mahapasuthanon, Yujing Chen, Huzefa Rangwala, Anya S Evmenova, Vivian Genaro Motti · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper introduces WLA4ND (Wearable Learning Activities for Neurodiversity), the first wearable sensor dataset of learning activities collected from young adults with neurodiversity. While existing wearable sensor datasets focus on fitness, daily living, and locomotion…

  neurodiversity · wearable technology · machine learning · activity recognition · inclusive education

• Non-Visual Cooking: Exploring Practices and Challenges of Meal Preparation by People with Visual Impairments

  Franklin Mingzhe Li, Anhong Guo, Stacy M. Branham · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper investigates how people with visual impairments prepare meals, combining two complementary research methods to build a comprehensive picture of non-visual cooking practices and challenges. The first method is a content analysis of 122 YouTube videos featuring visually…

  visual impairments · cooking · meal preparation · independent living · assistive technology

• Wearable Interactions for Users with Motor Impairments: Systematic Review, Inventory, and Research Implications

  Alexandru-Ionut Siean, Radu-Daniel Vatavu · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper presents the first systematic literature review focused specifically on wearable interactions for users with motor impairments. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 57 peer-reviewed scientific articles identified through searches of the ACM Digital Library, IEEE…

  motor impairments · wearable technology · systematic literature review · gesture interaction · smartwatches

• Sharing Practices for Datasets Related to Accessibility and Aging

  Rie Kamikubo, Utkarsh Dwivedi, Hernisa Kacorri · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper presents a systematic review of 137 accessibility datasets collected from people with disabilities and older adults over a 35-year period (1984-2020). The authors undertook an extensive two-year search process using a multilayer strategy: open searches on search…

  datasets · machine learning · data sharing · privacy · ethics

• Adee: Bringing Accessibility Right Inside Design Tools

  Samine Hadadi · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This extended abstract introduces Adee, an accessibility testing plugin that integrates directly into popular design platforms — Adobe XD, Figma, and Sketch — to make accessibility checking a seamless part of the design workflow rather than an afterthought. The paper argues that…

  design tools · color contrast · color blindness · touch target size · alternative text

• Beyond Fun: Players' Experiences of Accessible Rehabilitation Gaming for Spinal Cord Injury

  Gabriele Cimolino, Sussan Askari, T.C. Nicholas Graham · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper explores how accessible rehabilitation games can affect the experiences of patients with spinal cord injury beyond simply making exercise more fun. Six participants with spinal cord injury (three with tetraplegia, three with paraplegia, aged 23-33) played three…

  spinal cord injury · rehabilitation · game accessibility · digital games · assistive technology

• Investigating the Navigational Habits of People who are Blind in India

  Anirudh Nagraj, Ravi Kuber, Foad Hamidi, Raghavendra SG Prasad · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper presents a qualitative study of the navigational experiences of 14 people who are legally blind in the Bangalore metropolitan area of India, a low and middle income country (LMIC) where infrastructure conditions differ substantially from the high income countries…

  visual impairments · blindness · navigation · wayfinding · assistive technology

• Designing an App to Help Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to Recognize Abuse

  Thomas Howard, Krishna Venkatasubramanian, Jeanine L M Skorinko, Pauline Bosma, John Mullaly, Brian Kelly, Deborah Lloyd, Mary Wishart, Emiton Alves, Nicole Jutras, Mariah Freark, Nancy A. Alterio · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper presents the design of Recognize, a mobile app intended to teach individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) how to identify and report abuse. The work addresses a critical safety issue: abuse of people with I/DD is at epidemic proportions in…

  intellectual disability · developmental disability · co-design · abuse prevention · mobile app

• Fluent: An AI Augmented Writing Tool for People who Stutter

  Bhavya Ghai, Klaus Mueller · 2021 · The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2021)

  This paper presents Fluent, a novel AI-powered writing tool designed to help people who stutter (PWS) prepare scripts and written content that they can deliver more fluently. Over 70 million people worldwide stutter, and a common coping strategy is word substitution — replacing…

  stuttering · speech disorders · machine learning · active learning · natural language processing

• Disability-first Dataset Creation: Lessons from Constructing a Dataset for Teachable Object Recognition with Blind and Low Vision Data Collectors

  Lida Theodorou, Daniela Massiceti, Luisa Zintgraf, Simone Stumpf, Cecily Morrison, Edward Cutrell, Matthew Tobias Harris, Katja Hofmann · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper presents a disability-first approach to constructing a machine learning dataset for teachable object recognition, developed through the ORBIT (Objects that Recognize Blind Individuals in Their environment) project. The authors argue that while AI for accessibility is…

  disability-first design · dataset creation · teachable object recognition · blind and low vision · machine learning

• I See What You're Saying: A Literature Review of Eye Tracking Research in Communication of Deaf or Hard of Hearing Users

  Chanchal Agrawal, Roshan L Peiris · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of 55 eye-tracking studies examining the gaze patterns and communication behaviours of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals. The authors systematically searched ACM, IEEE, Google Scholar, and linguistics and psychology…

  deaf and hard of hearing · eye tracking · eye gaze · sign language · lip-reading

• At a Different Pace: Evaluating Whether Users Prefer Timing Parameters in American Sign Language Animations to Differ from Human Signers' Timing

  Sedeeq Al-khazraji, Becca Dingman, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper investigates whether deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) ASL signers actually prefer sign language animations with timing parameters that match human signers, or whether they prefer some form of exaggeration for additional clarity. Adding ASL animations to websites can…

  American Sign Language · sign language animation · deaf and hard of hearing · timing parameters · avatar

• How Teachers of the Visually Impaired Compensate with the Absence of Accessible Block-Based Languages

  Aboubakar Mountapmbeme, Stephanie Ludi · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper reports on an interview study with twelve teachers of K-12 students with visual impairments (TVIs) across the United States, investigating how they navigate the lack of fully accessible block-based programming environments. Block-based programming languages like…

  visual impairment · block-based programming · K-12 education · computer science education · accessible programming

• Designing Tools for High-Quality Alt Text Authoring

  Kelly Mack, Edward Cutrell, Bongshin Lee, Meredith Ringel Morris · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This paper investigates how to improve the quality of alternative text through better authoring interfaces and feedback mechanisms for automatic alt text, focusing on Microsoft PowerPoint as the application context. The researchers built and tested four prototype interfaces: two…

  alt text · image accessibility · screen readers · authoring tools · automatic alt text

• Activity Recognition in Older Adults with Training Data from Younger Adults: Preliminary Results on in Vivo Smartwatch Sensor Data

  Sabahat Fatima · 2021 · Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '21)

  This extended abstract investigates a critical age-related bias in wearable activity recognition: models trained on data from younger adults perform significantly worse when applied to older adults. The study is motivated by the growing potential of smartwatch-based…

  older adults · activity recognition · machine learning · wearable technology · smartwatch