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• 'The new accessibility panic': Remaining challenges to the achievement of Australia's National Transition Strategy

  Denise Wood, Scott Hollier · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper examines the Australian Government's progress toward its 2010 National Transition Strategy (NTS), which mandated that all federal, state, and territory websites achieve WCAG 2.0 Level AA conformance by the end of 2014. Drawing on content analysis of government blog…

  web accessibility · government accessibility · accessibility policy · WCAG compliance · accessibility training

• Enhancing Caption Accessibility through Simultaneous Multimodal Information: Visual-Tactile Captions

  Raja S. Kushalnagar, Gary W. Behm, Joseph S. Stanislow, Vasu Gupta · 2014 · Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This paper addresses a fundamental limitation of captions (subtitles) for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) viewers: captions force viewers to split attention between reading text at the bottom of the screen and watching the visual action, inevitably causing them to miss…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · haptic feedback · multimodal interaction · non-speech information

• Legion Scribe: Real-Time Captioning by the Non-Experts

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This demo paper introduces Legion Scribe, a system that enables real-time captioning of speech by harnessing 3-5 ordinary typists working simultaneously, rather than relying on expensive professional stenographers. Real-time captioning provides text equivalents of spoken…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · real-time captioning · communication accessibility

• Captions Versus Transcripts for Online Video Content

  Raja S. Kushalnagar, Walter S. Lasecki, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper investigates a fundamental challenge for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users consuming online video: while hearing viewers can watch and listen simultaneously using separate sensory channels, DHH viewers must process two competing visual streams — the video content…

  captioning · deaf accessibility · transcripts · online education · MOOCs

• Real-Time Captioning by Non-Experts with Legion Scribe

  Walter S. Lasecki, Christopher D. Miller, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2013)

  This short paper introduces Legion Scribe (Scribe), a system that enables 3-5 non-expert typists to collectively caption speech in real time, achieving accuracy approaching that of a professional stenographer at 20-30% of the cost. The system addresses a critical accessibility…

  real-time captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · human computation · assistive technology

• Crowd Caption Correction (CCC)

  Rebecca Perkins Harrington, Gregg C. Vanderheiden · 2013 · Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '13)

  This short paper presents Crowd Caption Correction (CCC), a feature that allows meeting participants or authorized third parties to correct errors in real-time captions during telecollaboration sessions. Captions are critical for deaf and hard of hearing people to participate in…

  captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · crowdsourcing · telecollaboration · real-time captioning

• Enhancing Learning Accessibility through Fully Automatic Captioning

  Maria Federico, Marco Furini · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes an architecture for automatically generating synchronized captions for video lectures using off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) software, aimed at making educational content accessible to hearing impaired students, dyslexic students, ESL (English…

  captioning · speech recognition · education accessibility · deaf and hard of hearing · automatic speech recognition

• Crowdsourcing Correction of Speech Recognition Captioning Errors

  M. Wald · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper describes tools built around Synote, an award-winning web-based application from the University of Southampton, that enable crowdsourced correction of automatic speech recognition (ASR) captioning errors to make video content accessible at scale. The author frames the…

  captioning · speech recognition · crowdsourcing · deaf and hard of hearing · video accessibility

• Web Educational Services for All: The APEINTA Project

  Ana Iglesias, Lourdes Moreno, Belén Ruiz, José Luis Pajares, Javier Jiménez, Juan Francisco López, Pablo Revuelta, Julián Hernández · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents APEINTA, a Spanish educational project from Carlos III University of Madrid and the Spanish Centre of Captioning and Audio Description (CESyA), aimed at providing inclusive education through three cloud-based web services. Started in 2008, the project was…

  education accessibility · captioning · text-to-speech · deaf and hard of hearing · speech disability

• Towards collaborative annotation for video accessibility

  Pierre-Antoine Champin, Benoît Encelle, Nicholas W. D. Evans, Magali O.-Beldame, Yannick Prié, Raphaël Troncy · 2010 · Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the ACAV (Collaborative Annotation for Video Accessibility) project, a French research initiative involving Dailymotion, the University of Lyon (LIRIS), and EURECOM, aimed at making web video accessible to blind and deaf users through rich, collaborative…

  video accessibility · audio description · captioning · crowdsourcing · speech recognition

• Multiple View Perspectives: Improving Inclusiveness and Video Compression in Mainstream Classroom Recordings

  Raja S. Kushalnagar, Anna C. Cavender, Jehan-François Pâris · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This paper presents Multiple View Perspectives (MVP), a system that captures and presents multiple focused video views of a classroom for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students. DHH students in mainstream classrooms face a fundamental visual attention problem: they must…

  deaf and hard of hearing · lecture capture · video accessibility · classroom accessibility · sign language interpreting

• Accessibility for the HTML5 <video> element

  Silvia Pfeiffer, Conrad Parker · 2009 · Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A)

  This paper documents early efforts to standardize how subtitles, captions, and other accessibility data should be associated with the then-new HTML5 <video> element. Written in 2009 when Firefox, Opera, and Safari were just beginning to implement <video> support, the paper…

  video accessibility · HTML5 · captioning · subtitles · web standards

• Enhancing Accessibility through Correction of Speech Recognition Errors

  John-Mark Bell · 2007 · SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper investigates methods for automatically correcting errors in speech recognition-generated captions of university lectures, aiming to improve accessibility for hearing-impaired students. The author notes that while ASR-based captioning can make lectures accessible by…

  automatic speech recognition · captioning · deaf and hard of hearing · higher education · natural language processing

• Using Networked Multimedia to Improve Educational Access for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

  Anna C. Cavender · 2007 · SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper proposes a networked multimedia platform to address the specific challenges deaf and hard of hearing students face in mainstream university classrooms. The author identifies three core problems. First, isolation: as more deaf students enter mainstream universities,…

  deaf and hard of hearing · higher education · sign language · captioning · remote interpreting