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• Liberi and the Racer Bike: Exergaming Technology for Children with Cerebral Palsy

  Zi Ye, Hamilton A. Hernandez, T.C. Nicholas Graham, Darcy Fehlings, Lauren Switzer, Md Ameer Hamza, Irina Schumann · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This demonstration paper presents Liberi, a multiplayer exercise video game, and a custom cycling-based exergaming station designed to enable children with cerebral palsy (CP) to engage in vigorous physical exercise while playing with peers. Children with CP face limited…

  cerebral palsy · exergame · children · physical activity · participatory design

• Stroke Therapy through Motion-Based Games: A Case Study

  Gazihan Alankus, Rachel Proffitt, Caitlin Kelleher, Jack Engsberg · 2011 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This case study explores the long-term home use of motion-based video games for stroke rehabilitation—an area where prior research focused mainly on clinical settings or short-term evaluations. The participant was a 62-year-old woman with hemiparesis (partial paralysis on one…

  stroke rehabilitation · motor impairment · game-based therapy · motion sensing · hemiparesis

• Ability-Based Design: Concept, Principles and Examples

  Jacob O. Wobbrock, Shaun K. Kane, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Susumu Harada, Jon Froehlich · 2011 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This foundational paper introduces ability-based design as a paradigm shift in accessible computing—moving focus from what users cannot do (disability) to what they can do (ability). The authors argue that traditional approaches like assistive technology place the burden of…

  ability-based design · universal design · inclusive design · adaptive interfaces · motor impairment

• Automatically Generating Tailored Accessible User Interfaces for Ubiquitous Services

  Julio Abascal, Amaia Aizpurua, Idoia Cearreta, Borja Gamecho, Nestor Garay-Vitoria, Raúl Miñón · 2011 · Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2011)

  This paper presents EGOKI, a system that automatically generates tailored accessible user interfaces for ubiquitous services based on individual user capabilities. In ubiquitous computing environments, people access services like information kiosks, ticket machines, ATMs, and…

  adaptive interfaces · automatic interface generation · ubiquitous computing · ambient assisted living · user modeling

• Towards Accessible Touch Interfaces

  Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, Joaquim Jorge, Daniel Gonçalves · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This paper presents an empirical evaluation of touch screen interaction techniques with 15 tetraplegic users, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for designing accessible mobile touch interfaces. The authors recognized that while touch screen devices eliminate the need for…

  touch screen accessibility · motor impairment · tetraplegia · mobile devices · interaction techniques

• Joystick Text Entry with Word Prediction for People with Motor Impairments

  Young Chol Song · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This short paper presents a joystick-based text entry system enhanced with word completion and next word prediction, designed for people with motor impairments who cannot use conventional keyboards and mice. Existing joystick text entry methods — typically on-screen selection…

  motor impairment · text entry · word prediction · joystick · assistive technology

• Head-Guided Wheelchair Control System

  John B. Hinkel · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This student research paper presents a system that allows individuals without hand use to control a motorized wheelchair through simple head movements. The author identifies that existing alternative wheelchair control methods — such as sip-and-puff devices, tongue-touch…

  power wheelchair · head tracking · motor impairment · alternative input · assistive technology

• EPG: Speech Access to Program Guides for People with Disabilities

  Michael Johnston, Amanda J. Stent · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This demo paper from AT&T Labs Research presents an Electronic Program Guide (EPG) prototype that uses speech input and text-to-speech output to make television listing navigation accessible to people with visual disabilities or limited hand mobility. The authors identify that…

  speech recognition · voice interface · television accessibility · visual impairment · motor impairment

• Guideline Aggregation: Web Accessibility Evaluation for Older Users

  Giorgio Brajnik, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper · 2009 · Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes using set theory to create an aggregated accessibility evaluation category for older users by combining barrier types identified for motor impaired and low vision users within the Barrier Walkthrough (BW) method. Traditional validation approaches treat…

  older users · accessibility evaluation · barrier walkthrough · low vision · motor impairment

• Designing AAC Interfaces for Commercial Brain-Computer Interaction Gaming Hardware

  Stephen Steward · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper explores repurposing a low-cost commercial brain-computer interface (BCI) gaming device — the OCZ Technologies Neural Impulse Actuator (NIA) — as an input device for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The NIA is a headband that reads electrical signals…

  augmentative and alternative communication · brain-computer interface · assistive technology · motor impairment · speech impairment

• Freedom to Roam: A Study of Mobile Device Adoption and Accessibility for People with Visual and Motor Disabilities

  Shaun K. Kane, Chandrika Jayant, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Richard E. Ladner · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a two-method qualitative study examining how people with visual and motor disabilities select, adapt, and use mobile devices in their daily lives. The researchers interviewed 20 participants (ages 20-66) with visual disabilities (blindness, low vision) and…

  mobile accessibility · visual impairment · motor impairment · blindness · low vision

• Laser pointers and a touch screen: intuitive interfaces for autonomous mobile manipulation for the motor impaired

  Young Sang Choi, Cressel D. Anderson, Jonathan D. Glass, Charles C. Kemp · 2008 · Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '08)

  This paper presents El-E ("Ellie"), a prototype assistive mobile robot designed to help people with severe motor impairments retrieve everyday objects from the floor. The robot features a vertical lift with a 5-degree-of-freedom manipulator arm, stereo and omnidirectional…

  assistive robotics · motor impairment · amyotrophic lateral sclerosis · human-robot interaction · laser pointer interface

• Simulating HCI for Special Needs

  Pradipta Biswas · 2007 · SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper describes the development of a simulator designed to model human-computer interaction for users with physical disabilities, addressing a significant gap in HCI research. The author argues that existing HCI models such as the GOMS family (KLM, CMN-GOMS, CPM-GOMS) and…

  human-computer interaction · motor impairment · user modeling · simulation · assistive interface

• Humming Control Interface for Hand-held Devices

  Sook Young Won, Dong-In Lee, Julius Smith · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  This paper from Stanford University presents a control-by-humming interface that allows hands-free operation of portable devices such as cell phones and music players through subvocal humming detected by a Bluetooth-connected insertion earphone/microphone. The system converts…

  alternative input · hands-free control · subvocal input · pitch detection · motor impairment

• Demo of VJ-Voicebot: Control of Robotic Arm with the Vocal Joystick

  Brandi House, Jon Malkin, Jeff Bilmes · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  This demonstration paper from the University of Washington presents VJ-Voicebot, a system that allows individuals with motor disabilities to continuously control a 5 degrees-of-freedom robotic arm using non-verbal vocal sounds. The system builds on the Vocal Joystick (VJ)…

  assistive robotics · voice interface · motor impairment · continuous voice control · robotic arm

• Semantic & syntactic context-aware text entry methods

  Jun Gong · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  Jun Gong's Assets '07 demonstration paper proposes a context-aware extension to the dictionary-based predictive disambiguation (DBPD) text-entry methods — the family that included the once-ubiquitous T9 on mobile phone keypads. DBPD methods let users press each multi-letter key…

  text entry · motor impairment · visual impairment · predictive text · T9

• A comparison of area pointing and goal crossing for people with and without motor impairments

  Jacob O. Wobbrock, Krzysztof Z. Gajos · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '07)

  Wobbrock and Gajos at the University of Washington present a controlled study comparing two fundamentally different target-acquisition paradigms — conventional area pointing (move into a confined region and click) and goal crossing (sweep the cursor across a goal line, no click…

  target acquisition · goal crossing · area pointing · Fitts' law · steering law

• Barrier pointing: using physical edges to assist target acquisition on mobile device touch screens

  Jon Froehlich, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Shaun K. Kane · 2007 · Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  Froehlich, Wobbrock and Kane propose barrier pointing: a set of stylus-based target acquisition techniques that exploit the raised physical edge of a mobile touch screen to stabilise input for users with motor impairments. Standard touch-screen tapping requires a user to fly the…

  mobile accessibility · touchscreen accessibility · motor impairment · target acquisition · input techniques

• Indirect Text Entry Using One or Two Keys

  Melanie Baljko, Andrew Tam · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper introduces a new descriptive model for indirect text entry — text composition methods where the number of input devices (switches) is significantly smaller than the number of selectable characters. This is the primary text entry paradigm for users of augmentative and…

  AAC · switch access · text entry · scanning · Huffman coding

• Developing Steady Clicks: A Method of Cursor Assistance for People with Motor Impairments

  Shari Trewin, Simeon Keates, Karyn Moffatt · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper from IBM Research and the University of British Columbia presents Steady Clicks, a cursor assistance feature designed to reduce clicking errors for mouse users with motor impairments. The system addresses three specific error types identified in prior empirical…

  motor impairment · cursor assistance · mouse input · clicking errors · target acquisition

• From Letters to Words: Efficient Stroke-based Word Completion for Trackball Text Entry

  Jacob O. Wobbrock, Brad A. Myers · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents a significant extension to Trackball EdgeWrite, a unistroke text entry method designed for people who use trackballs as their primary pointing device. The original Trackball EdgeWrite allowed users to enter text one character at a time by rolling a trackball…

  text entry · trackball · motor impairment · word prediction · word completion

• A Voice-Activated Syntax-Directed Editor for Manually Disabled Programmers

  Thomas J. Hubbell, David D. Langan, Thomas F. Hain · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents VASDE (Voice-Activated Syntax-Directed Editor), a programming environment designed to allow people with manual disabilities to write Java code using voice commands instead of a keyboard and mouse. The authors argue that traditional programming IDEs, which are…

  speech recognition · programming · motor impairment · voice input · IDE

• Alternative Text Entry Using Different Input Methods

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents the HaMCoS (Hands-free Mouse Control System) framework and its text entry applications, designed for people who cannot use their hands to operate a keyboard. HaMCoS works by detecting intentional muscle contractions — specifically single (CE1) and double…

  text entry · motor impairment · alternative input · single switch · bio-signals

• Non-speech Input and Speech Recognition for Real-time Control of Computer Games

  Adam J. Sporka, Sri H. Kurniawan, Murni Mahmud, Pavel Slavik · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper compares two acoustic input methods — speech recognition and non-speech humming — for controlling the arcade game Tetris in real time. The motivation is that while turn-based and strategic games are not greatly affected by motor impairments (they allow time for…

  game accessibility · speech recognition · non-speech input · motor impairment · voice control

• Automatically Generating Custom User Interfaces for Users with Physical Disabilities

  Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Jing Jing Long, Daniel S. Weld · 2006 · Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents SUPPLE, a system that automatically generates custom graphical user interfaces tailored to individual users' physical capabilities. Standard desktop GUIs are optimised for typical users interacting via keyboard, mouse, and standard-sized displays, creating a…

  adaptive interface · automatic UI generation · motor impairment · visual impairment · machine learning