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• Isolated Sign Language Recognition with Grassmann Covariance Matrices

  Hanjie Wang, Xiujuan Chai, Xiaopeng Hong, Guoying Zhao, Xilin Chen · 2016 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper proposes a novel method for isolated sign language recognition using Grassmann Covariance Matrices (GCM) to fuse multimodal features captured by Microsoft Kinect. With 360 million people worldwide affected by hearing loss—21 million in China alone—automatic sign…

  sign language recognition · Chinese sign language · computer vision · machine learning · deaf and hard of hearing

• Detecting Readers with Dyslexia Using Machine Learning with Eye Tracking Measures

  Luz Rello, Miguel Ballesteros · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first machine learning model to automatically detect readers with dyslexia using eye tracking data. The authors trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) binary classifier on a dataset of 1,135 readings from 97 Spanish-speaking participants aged 11 to 54 —…

  dyslexia · eye tracking · machine learning · detection · support vector machine

• Look Ma, No ARIA: Generic Accessible Interfaces for Web Widgets

  Valentyn Melnyk, Vikas Ashok, Yury Puzis, Yevgen Borodin, Andrii Soviak, I. V. Ramakrishnan · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper proposes an alternative approach to web widget accessibility that bypasses ARIA entirely. Rather than relying on web developers to correctly implement ARIA markup — which is often missing, incorrect, or inconsistent — the system automatically detects, classifies, and…

  widget accessibility · screen readers · WAI-ARIA · machine learning · web chat

• An Enhanced Electrolarynx with Automatic Fundamental Frequency Control based on Statistical Prediction

  Kou Tanaka, Tomoki Toda, Graham Neubig, Sakriani Sakti, Satoshi Nakamura · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility

  This demonstration paper presents a prototype system that enhances electrolarynx speech by automatically controlling pitch (fundamental frequency, or F0) using statistical prediction. An electrolarynx is a speaking aid device used by laryngectomees—people who have had their…

  electrolarynx · laryngectomy · speech synthesis · assistive technology · voice prosthesis

• Talkabel: A Labeling Method for 3D Printed Models

  Lei Shi · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility

  This poster paper presents Talkabel, a low-cost labeling system that makes 3D printed models accessible to blind users by enabling them to access spoken labels through simple taps on tactile markers. Three-dimensional models are valuable educational tools for blind learners,…

  blindness · 3D printing · tactile graphics · acoustic sensing · machine learning

• A Spellchecker for Dyslexia

  Luz Rello, Miguel Ballesteros, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2015 · ASSETS '15: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility

  This paper introduces Real Check, a spellchecker designed specifically to detect real-word errors—spelling mistakes that result in unintended but valid words (e.g., "form" instead of "from"). While dyslexia affects approximately 10% of the population and is the most frequent…

  dyslexia · spelling · natural language processing · real-word errors · assistive technology

• Automatic Detection of Phone-Based Anomalies in Dysarthric Speech

  Imed Laaridh, Corinne Fredouille, Christine Meunier · 2015 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This research develops automatic methods to detect and localize acoustic anomalies in speech produced by people with dysarthria, a motor speech disorder caused by neurological damage affecting the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic components of…

  dysarthria · speech recognition · automatic speech processing · motor speech disorders · clinical assessment

• Zensors: Adaptive, Rapidly Deployable, Human-Intelligent Sensor Feeds

  Gierad Laput, Walter S. Lasecki, Jason Wiese, Robert Xiao, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Chris Harrison · 2015 · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2015)

  Zensors presents a novel sensing platform that combines real-time human intelligence from online crowd workers with machine learning to create adaptive, rapidly deployable intelligent sensors. The system addresses a fundamental gap in smart environment technology: traditional…

  crowdsourcing · human computation · computer vision · smart environments · machine learning

• Intelligent Assistive Communication and the Web as a Social Medium

  Karl Wiegand · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This short paper presents doctoral research on applying natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to improve augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, with a particular focus on enabling web-based social interaction for people with severe speech…

  augmentative and alternative communication · AAC · natural language processing · machine learning · social media accessibility

• Can a Blind Person Understand Your World?

  Chieko Asakawa · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This keynote paper by Chieko Asakawa of IBM Research presents a vision for the next frontier of accessibility for blind people: moving from digital information access to real-world understanding through cognitive computing. Asakawa charts the exponential growth of accessible…

  blindness · cognitive assistance · image recognition · computer vision · machine learning

• Predictive, Accessible Web Automation: A Longitudinal Study

  Yury Puzis, Yevgen Borodin, I.V. Ramakrishnan · 2014 · Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents a six-week longitudinal pilot study of Automation Assistant, a predictive web automation system designed to improve non-visual web browsing for blind users. The core problem is that screen readers force users to navigate web pages sequentially — a…

  screen readers · web automation · blindness · non-visual web access · adaptive interfaces

• Identifying Sign Language Videos in Video Sharing Sites

  Frank M. Shipman, Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna, Caio D. D. Monteiro · 2014 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper addresses the challenge of finding sign language videos within general video sharing platforms like YouTube. While these platforms contain growing libraries of sign language content created by deaf community members, locating this content is difficult because…

  sign language · ASL · video classification · machine learning · computer vision

• Automatically Identifying Trouble-Indicating Speech Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease

  Frank Rudzicz, Leila Chan Currie, Andrew Danks, Tejas Mehta, Shunan Zhao · 2014 · ASSETS '14: Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility

  This paper addresses the challenge of automatically detecting communication breakdowns in conversations with people who have Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that deteriorates memory, executive capacity, visual-spatial reasoning, and…

  Alzheimer's disease · dementia · speech recognition · natural language processing · machine learning

• Efficient and Effective Information Finding on Small Screen Devices

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a reverse engineering approach for automatically adapting desktop-oriented webpages for efficient information seeking on small-screen mobile devices. The core contribution is a "semantic-DOM tree" model that analyzes the relationships between semantic…

  mobile accessibility · content adaptation · responsive design · web accessibility · information architecture

• Distinguishing Users By Pointing Performance in Laboratory and Real-World Tasks

  Amy Hurst, Scott E. Hudson, Jennifer Mankoff, Shari Trewin · 2013 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper investigates how machine learning can automatically assess pointing difficulties from everyday computer use, addressing a critical barrier to accessible computing: the lack of frequent, low-cost assessment of pointing ability. The researchers collected and analyzed…

  pointing performance · motor impairments · machine learning · adaptive interfaces · mouse interaction

• Real-Time Crowd Labeling for Deployable Activity Recognition

  Walter S. Lasecki, Young Chol Song, Henry Kautz, Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2013 · Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2013)

  Legion:AR is a system that provides deployable activity recognition by combining real-time crowd labeling with automatic recognition using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The system addresses a critical limitation of current activity recognition: automated systems must be trained…

  activity recognition · crowdsourcing · human computation · machine learning · aging in place

• Design and Evaluation of Classifier for Identifying Sign Language Videos in Video Sharing Sites

  Caio D.D. Monteiro, Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna, Frank M. Shipman · 2012 · Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2012)

  This paper presents the design and evaluation of a video classifier that automatically distinguishes sign language (SL) videos from non-sign-language videos on video sharing sites like YouTube. Currently, deaf and hard-of-hearing users must rely on tags, titles, or metadata to…

  sign language · deaf community · video classification · computer vision · machine learning

• An Adaptive Videos Enrichment System Based on Decision Trees for People with Sensory Disabilities

  José Francisco Saray Villamizar, Benoît Encelle, Yannick Prié, Pierre-Antoine Champin · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from the ACAV (Collaborative Annotation for Video Accessibility) project at the University of Lyon proposes an adaptive system that personalises how video accessibility descriptions are presented to users with sensory disabilities. The core insight is that predefined,…

  video accessibility · multimedia accessibility · machine learning · personalization · adaptive systems

• Prediction of Web Page Accessibility Based on Structural and Textual Features

  Sina Bahram, Debadeep Sen, Robert St. Amant · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from NC State University explores whether machine learning classifiers can predict the accessibility of web pages based on structural and textual features of their DOM — features that are independent of explicit accessibility markup like alt text or ARIA attributes.…

  machine learning · accessibility evaluation · automated testing · visual impairment · web accessibility

• Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Help (NOAH) for Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study

  Pooja Viswanathan, James J. Little, Alan K. Mackworth, Alex Mihailidis · 2011 · The Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2011)

  This paper describes NOAH (Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Help), an intelligent powered wheelchair system designed to provide adaptive navigation assistance to older adults with cognitive impairment in long-term care settings. An estimated 60-80% of residents in long-term…

  intelligent wheelchair · dementia · cognitive impairment · collision avoidance · wayfinding

• Modeling and Synthesizing Spatially Inflected Verbs for American Sign Language Animations

  Matt Huenerfauth, Pengfei Lu · 2010 · Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2010)

  This paper presents a novel computational method for automatically synthesizing animations of American Sign Language (ASL) verbs that undergo spatial inflection — a grammatical process where verb motion paths change based on the 3D locations in space that have been assigned to…

  American Sign Language · sign language animation · deaf accessibility · natural language generation · avatar

• A Comparison of Features for Automatic Readability Assessment

  Lijun Feng, Martin Jansche, Matt Huenerfauth, Noémie Elhadad · 2010 · Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING '10), Posters

  Feng et al. (2010) is a computational-linguistics paper that compares a wide variety of text features for automatically predicting the grade level of reading material aimed at primary-school students. The motivation is both intrinsic — traditional readability formulas such as…

  readability · automatic readability assessment · text simplification · plain language · cognitive accessibility

• Spatial and Temporal Pyramids for Grammatical Expression Recognition of American Sign Language

  Nicholas Michael, Dimitris Metaxas, Carol Neidle · 2009 · Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper presents a novel computer vision framework for recognizing grammatical facial expressions and head gestures in American Sign Language (ASL) video. While most sign language recognition research has focused on manual components (hand shapes and movements), this work…

  sign language recognition · American Sign Language · non-manual markers · computer vision · facial expression recognition

• Hunting for Headings: Sighted Labeling vs. Automatic Classification of Headings

  Jeremy T. Brudvik, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Anna C. Cavender, Richard E. Ladner · 2008 · Assets '08: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates the problem of missing heading markup in web pages — a significant accessibility barrier for blind screen reader users who rely on heading navigation (h1-h6 tags) to quickly skip through page content rather than reading linearly. While headings are one of…

  web accessibility · headings · screen readers · machine learning · semantic HTML

• A Camera Phone Based Currency Reader for the Visually Impaired

  Xu Liu · 2008 · Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '08)

  This paper presents a camera phone-based system for identifying U.S. paper currency denominations for people who are blind or visually impaired. The work addresses a specific accessibility gap: unlike currencies in many other countries, U.S. paper bills are identical in size and…

  visual impairment · computer vision · assistive technology · mobile accessibility · object recognition