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• Reconciling User and Designer Preferences in Adapting Web Pages for People with Low Vision

  Yoann Bonavero, Marianne Huchard, Michel Meynard · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the challenge of adapting web pages for people with low vision while preserving the original design intent. Unlike simple approaches that override all colors or apply uniform changes, the authors frame web page adaptation as a multi-objective optimization…

  low vision · web page personalization · color contrast · evolutionary algorithms · content adaptation

• Optimus Web: Selective Delivery of Desktop or Mobile Web Pages

  Nádia Fernandes, Tiago Guerreiro, Diogo Marques, Luís Carriço · 2015 · Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents Optimus Web, a client-side web proxy system that automatically selects and delivers the most accessible version of a website — either its desktop or mobile representation — to blind users. The system uses QualWeb, an automated accessibility evaluator that…

  web accessibility · blind users · screen readers · mobile accessibility · automated testing

• Adapting data table to improve web accessibility

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses the challenge of making web data tables accessible to screen reader users, particularly when tables are not properly marked up with semantic HTML tags like <th>, <thead>, and <tfoot>. Screen readers present content linearly, so large tables become…

  blindness · screen readers · data tables · content adaptation · web accessibility

• Efficient and Effective Information Finding on Small Screen Devices

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a reverse engineering approach for automatically adapting desktop-oriented webpages for efficient information seeking on small-screen mobile devices. The core contribution is a "semantic-DOM tree" model that analyzes the relationships between semantic…

  mobile accessibility · content adaptation · responsive design · web accessibility · information architecture

• User Individuality Management in Websites Based on WAI-ARIA Annotations and Ontologies

  Xabier Valencia, Myriam Arrue, J. Eduardo Pérez, Julio Abascal · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a comprehensive system for automatically adapting websites to individual users' accessibility needs using WAI-ARIA-based annotations and an ontology that models users, adaptation techniques, and their relationships. Unlike previous transcoding systems that…

  WAI-ARIA · personalization · web accessibility · adaptive interfaces · ontology

• Experiential Transcoding: An EyeTracking Approach

  Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper, Sukru Eraslan · 2013 · Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces "experiential transcoding" — a user-centred approach to web page transformation that uses eye-tracking data from sighted users to understand how people actually experience web pages, then uses those patterns to guide transcoding for blind and situationally…

  eye tracking · user experience · transcoding · visual impairment · situational impairment

• Developing a Semantic User and Device Modeling Framework That Supports UI Adaptability of Web 2.0 Applications for People with Special Needs

  Philip Ackermann, Carlos A. Velasco, Christopher Power · 2012 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents a semantic modeling framework for dynamically adapting web 2.0 application interfaces based on user preferences and device capabilities, developed within the EU-funded I2Web (Inclusive Future-Internet Web Services) project. The framework addresses a growing…

  adaptive interfaces · user modeling · device modeling · personalization · semantic web

• Application of Content Adaptation in Web Accessibility for the Blind

  Pauli P. Y. Lai · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes transforming web pages into hierarchical, numbered menu structures — modeled on Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRS) — so blind users can navigate content by pressing number keys rather than listening sequentially through entire pages. The author…

  blind and low vision · content adaptation · screen readers · mobile accessibility · web page segmentation

• Towards a Universal Accessibility for Textual Information

  Vasile Topac · 2011 · Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This student award paper from Politehnica University Timisoara proposes a universal framework for understanding and addressing textual information accessibility across all media formats and contexts — not just web accessibility, but also document accessibility, desktop…

  content adaptation · cloud computing · text-to-speech · speech recognition · multilingual accessibility

• Adapting web content for low-literacy readers by using lexical elaboration and named entities labeling

  Willian M. Watanabe, Arnaldo Candido, Marcelo A. Amâncio, Matheus de Oliveira, Thiago A. S. Pardo, Renata P. M. Fortes, Sandra M. Aluísio · 2010 · Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents Educational FACILITA, a browser-based tool that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automatically adapt web content for low-literacy readers. Developed at the University of São Paulo as part of the PorSimples text simplification project for Brazilian…

  low literacy · natural language processing · text simplification · lexical elaboration · named entity recognition

• Web Presentation Layer Bootstrapping for Accessibility and Performance

  Clint Andrew Hall · 2009 · Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the "Web Bootstrapper," a technique for delivering different presentation experiences ("skins") from a single semantic HTML codebase without altering source markup or running costly client-side detection code. The approach addresses a gap between graceful…

  progressive enhancement · web performance · responsive design · device detection · CSS

• Augmenting social media accessibility

  Roberto Borrino, Marco Furini, Marco Roccetti · 2009 · Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A)

  This paper presents SOMFA (SOcial Media For All), an architecture that transforms web-based social media content into multimodal audio/video presentations suitable for television sets. The system addresses the growing social divide created by social media: while technologically…

  social media · digital divide · aging · content adaptation · text-to-speech

• Adapting learning environments with AccessForAll

  Greg Gay, Silvia Mirri, Marco Roccetti, Paola Salomoni · 2009 · Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A)

  This paper describes the first implementation of the ISO FDIS 24751 accessibility standards (and the closely related IMS AccessForAll specifications) in ATutor, an open-source Learning Management System (LMS) developed at the University of Toronto's Adaptive Technology Resource…

  e-learning accessibility · learning management systems · content adaptation · personalization · ISO 24751

• The CISNA model of accessible adaptive hypermedia

  Robert Dodd, Steve Green, Elaine Pearson · 2008 · Proceedings of the 2008 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents CISNA (Content, Inventory, Semantics, Navigation, Adaptation), a five-layer document model designed to make web content adaptable to individual user needs and capabilities. The research addresses a fundamental problem: as web pages become increasingly…

  adaptive hypermedia · abstract user interface · hypertext models · assistive technology · content adaptation

• E-learning 2.0: You Are We-LCoME!

  Stefano Ferretti, Silvia Mirri, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Marco Roccetti, Paola Salomoni · 2008 · Proceedings of the 2008 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents We-LCoME (Wiki e-Learning Compound Multimedia Environment), a collaborative platform for creating and enriching accessible multimedia e-learning resources. Built on top of DokuWiki, the system allows a community of "prosumers" — lecturers, students, learning…

  e-learning · multimedia accessibility · collaborative authoring · Web 2.0 · SMIL

• Profiling Learners with Special Needs for Custom E-Learning Experiences, a Closed Case?

  Paola Salomoni, Silvia Mirri, Stefano Ferretti, Marco Roccetti · 2007 · Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Bologna tackles the problem of creating comprehensive learner profiles that capture both user accessibility needs and device capabilities — two dimensions that existing standards addressed separately but not together. The authors argue that no…

  e-learning · user profiling · content adaptation · assistive technology · device capabilities

• Personalization of User Interfaces for Browsing XML Content Using Transformations Built on End-User Requirements

  Benoît Encelle, Nadine Baptiste-Jessel · 2007 · Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from IRIT at the University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse presents a model for generating personalized multimodal user interfaces for browsing XML content, driven by end-user requirements rather than developer-imposed defaults. The authors identify a core accessibility…

  personalization · multimodal interaction · user profiles · content adaptation · XML

• Leveraging Rich Accessible Documents on the Web

  Rui Lopes, Luís Carriço · 2007 · Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper by Lopes and Carriço from the University of Lisbon presents a framework for producing rich accessible documents on the web that goes beyond the common approach of providing simplified alternate versions for disabled users. The authors argue that accessibility in 2007…

  document accessibility · content adaptation · user modeling · profile modeling · multimodal interaction

• The Meaning of 'Life': Capturing Intent from Web Authors

  Rhys Lewis · 2006 · Proceedings of the 2006 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A): Building the Mobile Web: Rediscovering Accessibility?

  This paper explores the fundamental problem that web pages lack explicit semantic information, relying instead on visual cues — layout, color, juxtaposition — to convey meaning. Lewis argues that this semantic deficit creates parallel challenges for two distinct user groups:…

  mobile accessibility · web semantics · content adaptation · device independence · transcoding

• Personalizable Edge Services for Web Accessibility

  Gennaro Iaccarino, Delfina Malandrino, Vittorio Scarano · 2006 · Proceedings of the 2006 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A): Building the Mobile Web: Rediscovering Accessibility?

  This paper presents PAN (Personalizable Accessible Navigation), a suite of proxy-based edge services that transform web pages on-the-fly to improve accessibility for users with disabilities. Built on top of the Scalable Intermediary Software Infrastructure (SISI) — a…

  proxy-based accessibility · web accessibility · content adaptation · personalization · edge services

• Use of RSS feeds for content adaptation in mobile web browsing

  Alexander Blekas, John Garofalakis, Vasilios Stefanis · 2006 · Proceedings of the 2006 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Patras presents a proxy-based system that uses RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds to adapt web content for mobile phone browsing. The authors address the fundamental challenge that desktop web pages are largely inaccessible on mobile devices…

  mobile accessibility · content adaptation · proxy server · RSS · mobile browsing

• A web browsing system based on adaptive presentation of web contents for cellular phones

  Yuki Arase, Takuya Maekawa, Takahiro Hara, Toshiaki Uemukai, Shojiro Nishio · 2006 · Proceedings of the 2006 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from Osaka University and KDDI R&D Laboratories presents a web browsing system that adaptively presents web page components on cellular phones based on their content characteristics. The authors identify that browsing desktop-designed web pages on mobile devices…

  mobile accessibility · content adaptation · adaptive presentation · small screen devices · auto-scrolling

• Do Text Transcoders Improve Usability for Disabled Users?

  Giorgio Brajnik, Daniela Cancila, Daniela Nicoli, Mery Pignatelli · 2005 · Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the first scientific user study examining whether text transcoders — proxy-based systems that dynamically transform web pages into text-only versions — actually improve usability for disabled users. Text transcoders strip images, JavaScript, multimedia, and…

  text transcoding · usability testing · accessibility overlays · screen readers · low vision

• A Web Accessibility Service: Update and Findings

  Vicki L. Hanson, John T. Richards · 2004 · Proceedings of the 6th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets 04)

  This paper reports on the evolution of IBM's Web Accessibility Service from a proxy server prototype (presented at Assets 2002) to a client-side architecture that transforms web pages on the fly to meet the needs of older adults and people with disabilities. The original proxy…

  web accessibility · web adaptation · aging · assistive technology · personalization

• Site-Wide Annotation: Reconstructing Existing Pages to Be Accessible

  Hironobu Takagi, Chieko Asakawa, Kentarou Fukuda, Junji Maeda · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '02)

  This paper from IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory presents a system for making inaccessible web pages accessible through external annotations, without modifying the original pages. The core problem is "page fragmentation" — on visually designed web pages, different types of content…

  web accessibility · web transcoding · web annotation · screen reader · blindness and low vision