Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- AI Over-Reliance(also: Automation Bias (AI), Over-Reliance on AI)
- The tendency of users to accept AI system outputs — recommendations, classifications, or content — without sufficient critical evaluation, even when those outputs are wrong or biased. Over-reliance is a well-documented AI safety concern and is especially consequential in…
- Cognitive Forcing Function(also: Cognitive Forcing)
- A design technique that deliberately disrupts automatic cognitive processing to prompt users to engage in more deliberate, analytical thinking. In human-AI interaction, cognitive forcing functions are used to reduce over-reliance on AI outputs — for example, by asking users to…
- Context Leakage(also: chat session context bleed)
- A failure mode in conversational AI systems in which information from earlier, unrelated chat sessions or turns influences the current response, producing output that blends contexts — for example, mixing VoiceOver (macOS) instructions into a JAWS (Windows) troubleshooting…
- Prompt Contradiction
- A type of large language model failure in which the system disregards explicit instructions or constraints given in the user prompt, producing output that contradicts what was asked. For example, an AI responding with visual instructions like "click the green button" after the…
- Visual Hallucination(also: AI hallucination, MLLM hallucination)
- In the context of multimodal AI systems, visual hallucination refers to the generation of descriptions or responses that contain information not grounded in the actual visual input—fabricating non-existent objects, misattributing properties such as colour or size, or…
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