Glossary

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360 Video(also: 360-Degree Video, Spherical Video, Omnidirectional Video)

Video content recorded or rendered to capture a full spherical or panoramic field of view, allowing viewers to look in any direction by turning their head (in a VR headset) or by dragging the view (on a screen). Unlike traditional video where a director controls the frame, 360…

360-Degree Video(also: 360 Video, VR360, Spherical Video)

Video content recorded or rendered to cover the full 360-degree sphere around the viewer, allowing them to look in any direction during playback. When viewed in a virtual reality headset, 360-degree video provides an immersive experience where users can explore the environment…

3D Gaussian Splatting(also: 3DGS, Gaussian Splatting)

An explicit 3D scene representation, introduced by Kerbl et al. in 2023, in which a scene is modelled as a cloud of anisotropic 3D Gaussians whose positions, shapes, colours, and opacities are optimised to match input views. Unlike NeRFs, which require costly neural-network…

Neural Radiance Field(also: NeRF)

An implicit neural representation of a 3D scene, introduced by Mildenhall et al. in 2020, in which a small neural network is trained to map any 3D coordinate and viewing direction to a colour and density value. Rendering is performed by volumetric ray marching through this…

Virtual World(also: Virtual Environment, Online Virtual World)

A computer-simulated environment where users interact with each other and digital objects through graphical representations, often in real time. Virtual worlds range from 2D browser-based platforms to fully immersive 3D social VR environments accessed through head-mounted…

Visual Orchestration(also: Visual Attention Management)

A design orientation, articulated by Huffman et al. (2026), for deliberately coordinating visual cues, salience, timing, and layout so that participants in a shared environment know where to look, when to shift focus, and how interactions unfold — especially for users who rely…

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