Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- F-measure(also: F-score, F1 Score)
- A metric that combines correctness (precision) and sensitivity (recall) into a single balanced score, calculated as the harmonic mean of the two values. In accessibility evaluation research, the F-measure provides a single number representing the overall effectiveness of an…
- Failure Mode(also: Accessibility failure mode)
- In accessibility evaluation, any hindrance caused by a product or web site that prevents a user with a disability from achieving a goal with the same effectiveness, efficiency or safety as a non-disabled user. The term is borrowed from reliability engineering and is used to…
- Functiona11ity Error(also: Functionality Error, Functiona11ity)
- A term coined by Zhong et al. (2026) — a portmanteau of 'functionality' and 'a11y' (accessibility) — for an accessibility barrier that only manifests through interaction. The static state of the UI appears accessible (elements have labels, sufficient contrast, correct roles),…
- Functional Web Accessibility Evaluator(also: FAE, Functional Accessibility Evaluator)
- A web accessibility testing tool developed by the University of Illinois that evaluates websites based on coding techniques and best practices rather than simply checking for the presence or absence of specific HTML attributes. Unlike traditional tools that might only verify…
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