Glossary

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Acoustic Phonetics

The branch of phonetics concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds, including their production, transmission, and perception as acoustic signals. Acoustic phonetics uses techniques such as spectral analysis, formant tracking, and landmark detection to characterize…

Jitter and Shimmer(also: Voice perturbation measures, Cycle-to-cycle variability)

Acoustic measures of voice quality that capture short-term irregularity in the vocal fold vibration. Jitter is the cycle-to-cycle variability in pitch (fundamental frequency), while shimmer is the cycle-to-cycle variability in amplitude. Elevated jitter and shimmer are…

Landmark Detection(also: Acoustic Landmark Detection, Stevens Landmark Theory)

Landmark detection is a speech analysis method based on Kenneth Stevens' acoustic model of speech production, which identifies perceptually significant points in the acoustic signal where listeners extract information about underlying distinctive features. Three primary landmark…

Landmark Theory(also: Stevens Landmark Theory)

A theoretical framework in speech science developed by Kenneth N. Stevens proposing that listeners extract phonetic information from acoustically abrupt events called landmarks in the speech signal. Landmarks mark points of rapid spectral change — such as the release of a stop…

Spectrogram(also: Sonogram, Spectral Display)

A spectrogram is a visual representation of the frequency spectrum of a signal as it varies over time, typically showing time on the horizontal axis, frequency on the vertical axis, and intensity represented by color or brightness. In speech science and accessibility research,…

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