Glossary

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Beep Baseball(also: Beepball)

An adapted version of baseball designed for players who are blind or visually impaired. The game uses an oversized softball containing electronic beepers that emit sound, and bases that buzz when activated to indicate the target. Batters attempt to hit the beeping ball and run…

Blind Hockey(also: Visually Impaired Hockey, VI Hockey)

An adapted form of ice hockey designed for players who are blind or have low vision. The sport uses a larger, oversized puck containing ball bearings that rattle when the puck moves, allowing players to track it by sound. Players are classified by vision level, with some wearing…

Functional Classification(also: Sport Classification, Player Classification)

A system used in adaptive and Paralympic sports to group athletes into categories based on their physical functional abilities rather than their specific medical diagnosis. In wheelchair basketball, players are assigned a classification from 1.0 (least trunk mobility) to 4.5…

Goalball

A Paralympic team sport specifically designed for athletes with visual impairments. Two teams of three players attempt to roll a ball containing internal bells into the opposing team's goal while defenders listen for the ball to block it. All players wear blackout eyeshades to…

Shared Control(also: Collaborative Control, Shared Autonomy)

An assistive technology design approach in which control over a system is dynamically distributed between a user with a disability and an assistant (human or automated), allowing each party to manage the aspects best suited to their abilities. Unlike fully independent or fully…

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