Glossary

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Blendshape(also: Morph Target, Shape Key)

A 3D animation technique that defines specific facial configurations (such as a smile, raised eyebrow, or open mouth) as target shapes, which can be blended together at varying intensities to create complex facial expressions. In sign language avatar systems, blendshape…

Inverse Kinematics(also: IK)

A mathematical technique used in computer animation and robotics to calculate the joint positions needed to place an end effector (such as a hand or foot) at a desired position in space. In signing avatar applications, inverse kinematics allows natural arm and body posture to be…

Key-Frame Animation(also: Keyframe Animation, Keyframing)

Key-frame animation is a technique in computer graphics where an animator defines specific poses or states (key frames) at particular points in time, and the computer automatically generates the intermediate frames (interpolation) to create smooth motion between them. In…

MPEG-4 Facial Action Parameter(also: MPEG-4 FAP, FAP, Facial Action Parameter)

A standard for 3D face animation defined in ISO/IEC 14496-2 (MPEG-4), which parameterises a face through 68 feature points whose displacements (scaled relative to the character's own facial proportions) encode any facial expression. MPEG-4 FAP is proportion-invariant, so the…

Motion Design(also: Motion Graphics, Motion-Driven Design)

The practice of animating graphic elements - text, icons, diagrams, captions - in time-based media to communicate instructional content. In accessible educational video, motion design is used to guide visual attention, sequence information, and pace the presentation of captions…

Sign language animation(also: ASL animation, Signing avatar technology)

Computer-generated animated characters that produce sign language from text or script input, offering a potentially scalable alternative to pre-recorded human signer videos for making information accessible to deaf users. Sign language animation systems must convey not only…

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