Glossary

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OCR(also: Optical Character Recognition)

Technology that converts images of text into machine-readable text. In accessibility contexts, OCR is used by visual assistance technologies and screen readers to read printed text from photos, signs, documents, and product packaging. While valuable for blind users, OCR has…

Obfuscation(also: Content Obfuscation, Visual Obfuscation)

AI-enabled techniques that automatically detect and remove or conceal private content in images and videos by applying filters such as blurring, masking, or blocking. In the context of visual assistance technologies, obfuscation aims to protect blind users from inadvertently…

Object Detection(also: Object Recognition)

A computer vision technique that identifies and locates specific objects within images or video frames, typically by drawing bounding boxes around detected items and classifying them. In video accessibility, object detection enables automatic identification of video elements…

Object Recognition(also: Object Detection)

A computer vision capability that identifies and classifies objects within images or video frames. In visual assistance technologies, object recognition enables automated description of what the camera captures, helping blind users identify items in their environment. However,…

Object-Based Cropping(also: Semantic Cropping, Object-Aware Cropping)

An image cropping approach that allows users to select which objects to keep in an image rather than specifying pixel coordinates or spatial boundaries. Object-based cropping uses computer vision to identify and segment objects (e.g., "the dog", "the chair"), then crops the…

Omission(also: AI Omission, Information Omission)

An AI error where the model fails to mention important information that is present in the input. In image descriptions for BLV users, omission can include failing to mention warning labels on medication, not describing important text in a document, skipping relevant objects in a…

Optical Character Recognition(also: OCR, Text Recognition)

Technology that converts images of text—whether typed, handwritten, or printed—into machine-readable text data. OCR is used in accessibility to extract text from images, documents, video frames, and real-world scenes, enabling screen readers to read text that would otherwise be…

Outlier detection(also: Anomaly detection, Novelty detection)

An algorithmic technique that identifies data points or behaviors that deviate significantly from expected patterns, used in fraud detection, quality assurance, CAPTCHAs, and crowd labor platforms. People with disabilities are disproportionately flagged as outliers because…

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