Glossary

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Tactile Authoring(also: Tactile Graphic Authoring, BLV Authoring)

The creation of tactile graphics — raised-line drawings, swell-paper images, or refreshable-display renderings — by or with blind and low-vision authors, rather than exclusively by sighted experts. Tactile authoring tools include moldable materials, 3D printing pens,…

Tactile Ballot(also: Tactile Voting Device, Tactile Template, Tactile Sleeve)

A physical overlay, sleeve, or template placed over a paper ballot that provides raised, cut-out, or braille markings aligned with ballot boxes so that blind and low-vision voters can locate candidate entries by touch and mark their choice independently. Tactile ballots have…

Tactile Learning(also: Haptic Learning, Touch-Based Learning)

An educational approach that uses the sense of touch to convey information, explore concepts, and develop understanding. For blind and low vision learners, tactile learning encompasses reading Braille, exploring raised-line diagrams, manipulating physical models, and using…

Tactile Literacy(also: Tactile Reading Skills)

The ability to interpret, understand, and create information conveyed through the sense of touch, including the skills needed to read tactile graphics, maps, diagrams, braille, and other raised representations. Like visual literacy, tactile literacy must be developed…

Tactile Modeling(also: Tactile Demonstration, Touch Demonstration)

A body movement teaching technique where a blind or low vision student explores and inspects a demonstrator's body position through touch, allowing them to understand poses, movements, and form that would typically be learned through visual observation. Unlike physical guidance…

Tactile Replica(also: 3D Replica, Touchable Replica, Haptic Replica)

A physical reproduction of an artwork or exhibit object, often created using 3D printing or traditional sculpting techniques, designed to be touched and explored by hand. Tactile replicas are a key accessibility strategy in museums and galleries for blind and low vision…

Tactile-First Strategy(also: Touch-Based Strategy, Tactile-First Approach)

An approach to completing tasks that prioritizes touch and physical sensation as the primary sensory channel for guidance, feedback, and assessment. In accessibility contexts, tactile-first strategies are developed by people with vision impairments to navigate tasks…

Teachable Object Recognition(also: Teachable Object Recognizer, TOR, Personalized Object Recognition)

A machine learning approach that allows users to train an object recognition system to identify their own personal items by providing a small number of training examples, typically photos or videos. This technology is particularly valuable for blind and low vision users who need…

Touch Reader(also: Tactile Reader, Tactile Graphics Reader)

A person who reads and interprets information through touch, particularly tactile graphics, raised line drawings, and braille. Touch readers include blind and low-vision individuals who access spatial and graphical information through tactile media rather than vision. The skill…

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