Glossary

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Affective Captions(also: Affective Captioning, Emotive Captions)

Captions that convey not only the spoken words but also the emotional qualities of speech — such as valence (positive vs. negative tone) and arousal (intensity) — typically through typographic modulations like font-color, font-weight, or font-size, and increasingly through…

Algospeak(also: Algorithm-Friendly Language, Algo-Speak)

The practice of using code words, creative spellings, or substitutions in online content to avoid algorithmic detection, censorship, or demonetization by social media platforms. Examples include spelling "lesbian" as "le$bian" or "le dollar bean" on TikTok. While algospeak…

Automated Speech Recognition(also: ASR, Speech-to-Text, Voice Recognition)

Technology that converts spoken language into written text using machine learning and signal processing algorithms. In accessibility, ASR is used for real-time captioning, voice control of devices and software, and generating transcripts of audio and video content. While ASR…

Automatic Caption Evaluation(also: ACE, ACE Framework, ACE Metric)

A caption-quality evaluation framework introduced by Sushant Kafle and Matt Huenerfauth (2017-2018) that scores automatically generated captions based on their usability for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing readers, rather than simply counting transcription errors. For each mismatch…

Automatic Captions(also: Auto-Generated Captions, Auto Captions, ASR Captions)

Captions produced by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems without human transcription, typically generated by the hosting platform (e.g., YouTube, Zoom, Microsoft Teams) as an optional layer on uploaded or live video. Automatic captions have dramatically expanded caption…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)(also: ASR, Speech-to-Text, Voice Recognition)

Technology that converts spoken language into written text using computational algorithms and machine learning models. ASR powers auto-captioning features in video conferencing, media players, and assistive devices. While ASR has improved significantly, its accuracy is affected…

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