Glossary
Terms used in accessibility research and practice. Each entry has a definition, common aliases, and category tags.
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- Colorism(also: Skin Tone Bias, Shadeism)
- Colorism is a form of discrimination in which people are treated differently based on the shade of their skin tone, typically favoring lighter skin over darker skin within and across racial groups. In digital accessibility, colorism is relevant to image descriptions and AI…
- Direct Discrimination
- A form of unlawful discrimination where a person is treated less favorably than others because of a protected characteristic such as disability, race, or sex. Under UK and EU equality law, direct discrimination occurs when the unfavorable treatment is explicitly motivated by the…
- Indirect Discrimination(also: Disparate Impact)
- A form of unlawful discrimination where a policy, criterion, or practice that appears neutral on its face disproportionately disadvantages people with a protected characteristic. Unlike direct discrimination, there is no need to prove discriminatory intent—it is sufficient to…
- Protected Characteristic(also: Protected Class, Protected Ground)
- A personal attribute that is protected from discrimination under equality legislation. Under the UK Equality Act 2010, the nine protected characteristics are: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief,…
- Transphobia(also: Anti-Transgender Prejudice, Anti-Trans Bias)
- Transphobia refers to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed at people who are transgender, non-binary, or whose gender identity or expression differs from their sex assigned at birth. In digital accessibility and technology contexts, transphobia manifests through AI…
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