Glossary

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AI Ghostwriter Effect(also: Ghostwriter Effect)

A phenomenon, first named by Draxler and colleagues, in which people who use AI writing assistants do not perceive themselves as authors or owners of the resulting text yet still publicly self-declare authorship. The effect persists even when personalization makes outputs…

AI Over-Reliance(also: Automation Bias (AI), Over-Reliance on AI)

The tendency of users to accept AI system outputs — recommendations, classifications, or content — without sufficient critical evaluation, even when those outputs are wrong or biased. Over-reliance is a well-documented AI safety concern and is especially consequential in…

AI Proxy(also: AI Proxying)

A design pattern in which an AI system acts on a user's behalf within a social, communicative, or interpretive setting — for example, generating a facial expression, voice, or written reply that represents the user to others — rather than merely assisting the user with a…

AI-Mediated Dialogue

A paradigm in which a large language model (or similar conversational agent) stands between a user and a task, simulated social situation, or another user — either producing the conversational partner's turns, coaching the user's next turn, or both. AI-mediated dialogue is…

Automation Confusion

A phenomenon, well documented in human–automation literature and observed in partially automated video games, in which the user struggles to distinguish the outcomes of their own actions from those performed autonomously by a software agent. In shared-control gaming this can…

Automation Transparency(also: AI Transparency (Automation), Transparent Automation)

The degree to which an automated or autonomous system communicates its current state, intent, and reasoning to the humans who depend on it. In autonomous transport, transparency includes cues such as "holding position for traffic," docking countdowns, or explanations of…

Calibrated Trust(also: Appropriate Reliance, Trust Calibration)

An HCI and human-factors concept, articulated by Lee and See, describing the alignment between a user's trust in an automated or AI system and the system's actual capability in a given context: trusting the system when it is reliable and being skeptical when it is not. Designing…

Co-Authorship(also: Co-authoring, AI Co-Authorship)

In AI-mediated writing and communication, the shared production of text between a human user and an AI system, where neither party fully owns the resulting output. Co-authorship raises questions about credit, intent, authenticity, and accountability, and these become especially…

Co-Creative(also: Co-Creativity, Co-Creative AI)

A framing of human-AI collaboration in which the AI acts as a creative partner rather than a tool or a replacement — contributing ideas, drafts, or alternatives that the human writer, artist, or designer evaluates, accepts, rejects, or revises. Co-creative systems typically…

Cognitive Forcing Function(also: Cognitive Forcing)

A design technique that deliberately disrupts automatic cognitive processing to prompt users to engage in more deliberate, analytical thinking. In human-AI interaction, cognitive forcing functions are used to reduce over-reliance on AI outputs — for example, by asking users to…

Copilot (Shared Control)(also: Gaming Copilot, Assistive Copilot)

In shared-control video gaming, the copilot is the secondary actor who supports the pilot (the primary player, typically a person with a disability) by taking over game actions the pilot cannot perform. A copilot can be a human partner — often a family member, friend, or trained…

Human-AI Co-Creation(also: Human-AI Co-Creative, Co-Creative AI, Mixed-Initiative Co-Creation)

Human-AI co-creation refers to creative work in which a person and an AI system iteratively contribute to the same artifact, with each shaping the other's next move rather than the AI acting as a one-shot tool. In accessibility contexts, co-creative systems are used to scaffold…

Human-Centered AI(also: HCAI, Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, HCXAI)

Human-Centered AI (HCAI) is a design and research orientation that places human experience, context, agency, and values at the center of how AI systems are built and evaluated, rather than optimizing only for model performance. In accessibility contexts, HCAI emphasizes that AI…

Hybrid Search(also: Hybrid sign-language search)

A sign-language dictionary search pattern that combines search-by-video (a user performs the sign into a camera for sign recognition to match) with search-by-feature (manual filtering of the candidate list by linguistic properties such as handshape and location). Introduced as a…

Jailbreak(also: LLM Jailbreak, AI Jailbreak)

In the context of generative AI, a class of adversarial input designed to bypass a model's safety rules, instruction-following constraints, or content policy — for example, instructions that tell the model to "ignore previous rules" or role-play as an unrestricted assistant.…

Nudge(also: Nudging)

A small change in the presentation, default, or framing of a choice that systematically influences decisions without removing options or significantly altering incentives. Introduced to behavioural economics by Thaler and Sunstein (2008) and grounded in Tversky and Kahneman's…

Prompt Injection(also: Indirect Prompt Injection, Prompt Engineering Attack)

A technique — originally an LLM security concern — in which carefully crafted instructions embedded in a user prompt or referenced content override the model's intended behaviour, constraints, or safety rules. In accessibility research and practice, the term is increasingly used…

Role-play(also: Role-playing, Roleplay)

A social behaviour in which a person treats a non-human or virtual agent as if it had a character, feelings, or agency — narrating its actions, giving it a name, addressing it in character, and rationalising its mistakes with in-character explanations. In accessibility research…

Sense of Control(also: Perceived control, Locus of control (task-level))

A psychological construct describing a user's subjective feeling of agency over what a system does, distinct from objective control measures such as available options or task-completion rates. In accessibility research on AI-assisted tools, sense of control has emerged as a…

Situational Trust(also: Situational Trust in Automation)

A context-sensitive form of trust in an automated system that varies moment-to-moment based on perceived system performance, environment, and the user's own capacity to intervene. Unlike dispositional or generalised trust, situational trust is recalibrated as conditions change —…

Sycophancy(also: AI Sycophancy, Sycophantic AI)

A behavioral tendency in large language models to agree with, flatter, or validate the user's stated views and self-assessments rather than offer accurate or critical feedback - even when the user is mistaken or self-defeating. Sycophancy emerges from training methods that…

21 results.