Glossary

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Citation Form(also: Dictionary Form, Isolated Form)

The standard, isolated way a sign is produced when demonstrated independently, as typically shown in sign language dictionaries. In natural continuous signing, signs often appear differently from their citation form due to coarticulation, speed, regional variation, and…

Classifier(also: Classifier Predicate, Depicting Sign)

A type of sign language construction in which handshapes represent categories of objects or entities and are combined with movement and location to convey spatial information about position, movement, shape, or size. Classifiers are a core grammatical feature of sign languages…

Classifier Predicates(also: CL Predicates, Classifiers)

A type of sign language construction in which signers use their hands to represent the location, movement, size, shape, and spatial relationships of objects and people. Classifier predicates are among the most frequent and complex spatial phenomena in American Sign Language,…

Coarticulation

A linguistic phenomenon in sign language where the production of one sign influences the physical form of adjacent signs in continuous signing. For example, the ending hand position or handshape of one sign may affect the starting position or handshape of the next sign.…

Compound Sign(also: Compound Word)

A sign formed by combining two or more existing signs into a single, unified sign with its own distinct meaning. In American Sign Language and other sign languages, compound signs undergo phonological changes where the component signs may be shortened, blended, or modified when…

Continuous Sign Language(also: Connected Sign Language, Continuous Signing)

Sign language produced in natural, flowing sentences and discourse, as opposed to isolated individual signs. Continuous sign language includes phenomena like co-articulation (where one sign influences the formation of the next), epenthesis (insertion of transitional movements…

Coreference(also: Coreference Resolution, Anaphora Resolution)

The linguistic phenomenon of two or more expressions in a text referring to the same real-world entity — for example, "Sam", "she", and "the scientist" all referring to the same person. Coreference resolution is the NLP task of automatically linking these expressions into…

Cross-language Research(also: Cross-linguistic Research, Multilingual Research)

Research conducted across different languages, requiring translation and interpretation to bridge communication between researchers and participants who do not share a common language. In accessibility research with sign language users, cross-language challenges are particularly…

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