Glossary

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Chain-of-Thought Prompting(also: CoT Prompting)

A technique for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models by instructing them to break down complex tasks into intermediate reasoning steps before producing a final answer. In accessibility applications, chain-of-thought prompting is used to improve the…

Chart Question Answering(also: Chart QA, ChartQA, Visual Question Answering for Charts)

The task of answering natural-language questions about a data visualization, typically a chart provided as an image or structured specification. A chart question answering system must identify the chart type, extract the underlying data, interpret axes and legends, and answer…

Clue and Reasoning Prompting(also: CARP, Clue-and-Reasoning Prompting)

A prompt engineering strategy for large language models that instructs the model to first identify textual clues (keywords, phrases, contextual information) in the input and then perform diagnostic reasoning based on those clues before producing a classification output.…

Coh-Metrix

A web-based tool developed at the University of Memphis that analyses text on more than a hundred measures of language, cohesion, and readability, including referential and semantic cohesion, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and latent semantic analysis. Coh-Metrix moves…

Content Summarization(also: Text Summarization, Automated Summarization)

The process of condensing longer text content into shorter, focused summaries that capture the essential information. In accessibility contexts, content summarization addresses the information overload that screen reader users face when navigating verbose or redundant web…

Controlled Language(also: Controlled Natural Language, CL)

An explicitly defined restriction of a natural language that specifies constraints on vocabulary, grammar, and style to improve clarity, consistency, and machine processability of text. In accessibility, controlled language rules can be applied to improve the quality of content…

Coreference(also: Coreference Resolution, Anaphora Resolution)

The linguistic phenomenon of two or more expressions in a text referring to the same real-world entity — for example, "Sam", "she", and "the scientist" all referring to the same person. Coreference resolution is the NLP task of automatically linking these expressions into…

Corpus(also: Language Corpus, Text Corpus, British National Corpus)

A corpus is a large, structured collection of texts used to train, tune, or evaluate language-processing systems. Representative examples include the British National Corpus (BNC, 100 million words of British English), the Penn Treebank, and more recently Common Crawl and…

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