Glossary

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Data-to-Text(also: Data-to-Text Generation, Data-to-Text NLG)

A subfield of natural language generation (NLG) that automatically produces human-readable text from structured data, such as databases, spreadsheets, or sensor readings. Data-to-text systems analyze input data to identify patterns, trends, and salient features, then generate…

Dialog Act(also: Dialogue Act, Speech Act)

A classification label representing the communicative intention behind a spoken or written utterance in a conversational system. In the context of accessible technology, dialog acts are used to interpret what a user wants to accomplish when issuing voice commands — for example,…

Diphone(also: Diphone Synthesis)

A unit of speech used in text-to-speech synthesis, consisting of the transition from the middle of one phoneme to the middle of the next. Diphone-based synthesis works by recording a set of all possible phoneme-to-phoneme transitions in a language and concatenating the…

Direct Machine Translation(also: Direct MT, Dictionary-Based Machine Translation)

The simplest machine-translation paradigm: source-language words are translated into target-language words using a bilingual dictionary, with limited or no syntactic analysis and only shallow reordering heuristics. Direct MT is cheap to build and always produces some output, but…

Directional Stimulus Prompting(also: DSP)

A prompt engineering technique for large language models that provides specific keywords or directional stimuli to guide the model toward generating output focused on particular aspects or attributes. In accessibility applications, DSP is used to produce targeted,…

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