Glossary

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Cerebellar Ataxia(also: Ataxic Dysarthria)

A neurological condition caused by damage to the cerebellum that affects coordination, balance, and motor control. In speech, cerebellar ataxia produces ataxic dysarthria characterized by irregular speech rhythm, explosive or scanning speech patterns, imprecise consonants, and…

Chiari Malformation(also: Arnold-Chiari Malformation)

A structural condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, which can cause a range of neurological symptoms including headaches, balance issues, and vision problems such as blurred or double vision, nystagmus, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Digital…

Co-contraction(also: Unintended Co-contraction, Muscle Co-activation)

The simultaneous activation of antagonistic muscles — for example, the biceps and triceps firing at the same time. Some co-contraction is normal and useful for joint stability, but involuntary or excessive co-contraction is common in conditions such as spasticity, cerebral…

Communication Impairment(also: CI, Communication Disorder, Communication Disability)

Damage to brain functions responsible for language and memory that impairs the expression and understanding of spoken and written language. Communication impairments can result from neurological disease, stroke, or acquired brain injury, and include conditions such as aphasia…

Confabulation (Clinical)(also: Clinical Confabulation)

Confabulation in a clinical sense is the unconscious production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories without the intent to deceive - the person genuinely believes what they are recounting. It is associated with dementia (particularly Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's…

Cortical Plasticity(also: Brain Plasticity, Neural Plasticity, Cortical Reorganization)

The brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections and functional organization in response to injury, learning, or environmental changes. In the context of disability and rehabilitation, cortical plasticity is the mechanism by which undamaged brain areas can assume…

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